Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2012 Apr 15;18(5):774–782. doi: 10.1038/nm.2728

Figure 4. Consequences of Period 2 deficiency on cardiac metabolism during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.

Figure 4

(a–h) Per2−/− mice or littermate controls matched in age, weight and gender were exposed to 60 min of in situ myocardial ischemia with or without ischemic preconditioning (IP; 4 cycles of 5 min ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion) prior to myocardial ischemia. 13C glucose (Cambridge Isotopes) was administered intra- arterially in Per2−/− mice or littermate controls either 30 minutes before ischemia (ischemia group: I) or at the onset of reperfusion following 60 min of in situ myocardial ischemia (reperfusion group: R) with or without ischemic preconditioning (IP; 4 cycles of 5 min ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion). Determination of 13C glucose and 13C carbohydrates during ischemia or reperfusion was performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Glycogen was determined using an enzymatic ELISA KIT from Biovision (mean±SD; n=3). (a) 13C glucose. (b) 13C fructose 1,6 bisphosphate. (c) 13C pyruvate. (d) 13C lactate. (e,f) (TCA cycle) flux rates determined by the ratio of 13C glutamate and total creatine. (g) Glycogen; (mean±SD; n=3).