Table 2.
Neuropsychological test results.
| Task | Time 1n, Mean (SD) | Time 2n, Mean (SD) | Time 3n, Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| TBI GROUP RESULTS | |||
| WRAT-III | 12, 44.7 (6.5) | 12, 44.5 (12.3) | 11, 45.6 (5.7) |
| DSPANa | 12, 14.3***† (3.6) | 12, 15.6* (3.7) | 11, 15.6* (4.6) |
| Trails A | 12, 42.0*† (21.5) | 12, 30.8* (6.4) | 12, 28.7***† (7.1) |
| Trails Ba | 11, 101.3*† (29.0) | 12, 78.6* (20.9) | 12, 68.8*† (36.4) |
| COWATb | 12, 21.2*††† (10.2) | 12, 33.8* (10.6) | 12, 39.6†† (12.4) |
| FT | 10, 44.1 (14.7) | 12, 45.9 (7.6) | 12, 45.7 (6.9 |
| CONTROL GROUP RESULTS | |||
| WRAT-III | 8, 50.0 (5.1) | 7, 50.0 (6.1) | 9, 55.7 (5.2) |
| DSPAN | 8, 20.1 (3.4) | 7, 20.6 (3.9) | 9, 20.4 (5.2) |
| Trails A | 8, 25.1 (6.9) | 7, 24.6†† (5.4) | 9, 20.3 (4.5) |
| Trails B | 8, 55.0 (25.6) | 7, 51.5† (20.4) | 9, 38.6 (7.1) |
| COWAT | 8, 41.8 (7.8) | 7, 44.6 (8.9) | 9, 45.9 (11.9) |
| FT | 6, 45.6 (10.8) | 7, 48.9 (6.9) | 9, 48.3 (6.8) |
Test abbreviations are as follows: WRAT-III = Wide Range Achievement Test (reading subtest), DSPAN = Digit Span Test, Trails A = Trail Making Test A (motor), Trails B = Trail Making Test B (motor and cognitive), COWAT = Cognitive Oral Word Association Test, FT DOM = Dominant Hand Finger Tapping Test. Means are of raw scores. Repeated measures analyses based on general linear models were carried out for each neuropsychological test and significant results (p < 0.05) are noted next to task names in the following manner:
indicates a main effect of group and
indicates a group by time interaction. None of the models demonstrated a significant effect of time. Between-groups differences were calculated using independent samples one-tailed t-tests, and significance levels are denoted as follows:
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01,
p < 0.001. Between groups differences are noted by the patient average scores only. Within-groups differences were calculated using paired samples one-tailed t-tests, and significance levels are denoted as follows:
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01,
p < 0.001. Differences between time 1 and 2 are noted by the first time point average, differences between time 2 and 3 are noted by the second time point average, and differences between time 1 and 3 are noted by the third time point average.