Fig. 2.

Poststimulation inhibition of AA-induced bladder overactivity emerged after tramadol treatment (A and B) but did not occur before tramadol (C). A: after 3 mg/kg tramadol, the increased bladder capacity induced by 2- and 4-T TNS (T = 1.2 V) applied during CMGs was maintained after the stimulation. B: summarized results from repeated tests of TNS (2 and 4 T) as shown in A. The poststimulation inhibitory effect became significant (*) at a tramadol dosages of 3–7 mg/kg. Stimulation: 0.2-ms pulse width; T = 0.35–4.5 V; n = 11 cats. C: control data obtained from another 6 cats showing that repeated tests of TNS (2 and 4 T) without tramadol treatment did not induce poststimulation inhibitory effects. Stimulation: 0.2-ms pulse width; T = 0.35–1.2 V. 1st through 5th in B and C indicate the repeated tests of TNS (2 and 4 T) as shown in A.