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Effect of naloxone on combined TNS and tramadol treatment. A: the micturition reflex was eliminated after 10 mg/kg iv tramadol but restored by naloxone (2 mg/kg iv). B: control CMG without TNS after naloxone treatment. C: TNS (8 T) was applied during CMG after naloxone treatment. Stimulation: 0.2-ms pulse width; T = 1 V; infusion rate: 1 ml/min.
