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Expression of TGF-β receptors (TGF-βR1 and TGF-βR2) is upregulated in the cuffed (stenotic) kidneys of WT, but not Smad3 KO mice. Gene expression was measured by real-time PCR analysis of total RNA obtained from the renal cortex of WT and Smad3 KO mice 6 wk after surgery. Fold-differences were calculated by the 2−ΔΔCq method, relative to reference genes. Values are means ± SE, expressed proportional to WT sham. *P < 0.05 vs. WT Sh.
