Fig. 9.

Collagen expression is increased in the cuffed (stenotic) kidneys of WT, but not Smad3 KO mice. Gene expression was measured by real-time PCR analysis of total RNA obtained from renal cortex of WT and Smad3 KO mice 6 wk after surgery. Fold-differences were calculated by the 2^−ΔΔCq method, relative to reference genes. Values are means ± SE, expressed proportional to WT sham. *P < 0.05 vs. WT Sh. †P < 0.05 vs. KO Sh.