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Typical figure-of-eight pattern of the atrial pressure-volume relationship. The A-loop represents active atrial contraction and proceeds in a counterclockwise fashion. The V-loop represents passive atrial reservoir function and proceeds in a clockwise manner over time. Left atrial (LA) end-diastole (ED) was defined as the time point at which LA pressure corresponds to LA end-systolic (ES) pressure. MV, mitral valve.
