Table 4.
Associations between breastfeeding duration and age of starting solid feeding with high BMI (sex‐specific BMI >90th centile) and sum of skinfolds at 5 years in Mysore, South India, 1997–2003
| Model* | High BMI | Sum of skinfolds † | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P‐value | % change | P‐value | |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||
| Unadjusted association for breastfeeding duration effect | 0.87 (0.69 to 1.10) | 0.26 | –0.9 (–2.5 to 0.8) | 0.31 |
| Model 1: socio‐economic characteristics | 0.88 (0.69 to 1.11) | 0.27 | –0.8 (–2.5 to 0.8) | 0.33 |
| Model 2: model 1 + household nutritional status | 0.85 (0.67 to 1.07) | 0.17 | –1.0 (–2.6 to 0.7) | 0.24 |
| Model 3: model 2 + family history of diabetes | 0.85 (0.67 to 1.07) | 0.17 | –1.0 (–2.6 to 0.7) | 0.25 |
| Model 4: model 3 + birth outcomes | 0.84 (0.66 to 1.07) | 0.17 | –0.8 (–2.4 to 0.7) | 0.37 |
| Model 5: model 4 + age of starting solid feeds | 0.87 (0.68 to 1.11) | 0.25 | –0.6 (–2.2 to 1.1) | 0.48 |
| Model 6: model 5 + child gender and current age | 0.87 (0.68 to 1.11) | 0.26 | –0.6 (–2.2 to 1.0) | 0.47 |
| Age of starting solid feeds | ||||
| Unadjusted association for age of starting solid feeds effect | 0.79 (0.58 to 1.07) | 0.14 | –2.2 (–4.3 to 0.0) | 0.05 |
| Model 1: socio‐economic characteristics | 0.79 (0.58 to 1.08) | 0.15 | –1.8 (–3.9 to 0.4) | 0.10 |
| Model 2: model 1 + household nutritional status | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.06) | 0.10 | –1.9 (–4.1 to 0.2) | 0.08 |
| Model 3: model 2 + family history of diabetes | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.05) | 0.10 | –1.9 (–4.0 to 0.2) | 0.08 |
| Model 4: model 3 + birth outcomes | 0.75 (0.56 to 1.05) | 0.09 | –0.9 (–2.6 to 0.7) | 0.26 |
| Model 5: model 4 + breastfeeding duration | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.08) | 0.14 | –1.8 (–3.9 to 0.4) | 0.11 |
| Model 6: model 5 + child gender and current age | 0.78 (0.56 to 1.09) | 0.15 | –1.7 (–3.7 to 0.4) | 0.11 |
BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. OR and % change in sum of skinfolds are for a 1 category increase in breastfeeding (1–4, 5–8, 9–12, 13–16, 17–20 and 21+ months) and introduction of solids (≤3, 4, 5, 6+ months). To allow coefficients to be compared, all results are reported from the sample with complete data by each exposure (Final Model, n = 484). *Variables included in final regression models: socio‐economic characteristics (Block 1): urban dwelling status, Kuppuswamy score, maternal education; household nutritional status (Block 2): maternal BMI at 5‐year follow‐up; family history of diabetes; birth outcomes (Block 3): birthweight, gestational age; infant‐feeding practices (Block 4): either breastfeeding duration or age of starting solid feeds, child gender; current age at follow‐up. †Estimated percentage change in the geometric mean of sum of skinfold thickness (subscapular and triceps) for a per category increase in exposure.