Table 1.

Review of studies assessing HIV transmission from mothers who seroconverted during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, in the absence of antiretroviral prophylaxis

Study	Location	n	Transmission events	%
Mothers who seroconverted during pregnancy
Tovo et al 22	Italy	10	2	20%
Rudin et al 23	Switzerland	4	2	50%
Hague et al 24	UK	9	5	56%
Nielsen-Saines et al 25	Brazil	9	3	33%
Roongpisuthipong et al 26	Thailand	15	2	13%
Pooled		47	14	30%†
Mothers who seroconverted during breastfeeding
Colebunders et al 27	DRC	3	1	33%
Palasanthiran et al 28	Australia	11	3	27%
Hira et al 29	Zambia	19	3	16%
Van de Perre et al 30	Rwanda	15	8	53%
Embree et al 31	Kenya	12	5	42%
Liang et al 32	China	106	38	36%
Humphrey et al 33	Zimbabwe	334	-*	24%*
Pooled		500		27%†

^*A Kaplan-Meier approach was followed in calculating the cumulative proportion of children infected, and the number of children infected is therefore not shown.

^†All estimates were pooled using fixed effects models.