Table 4.

Univariate and multivariate associations with direct referral for ART

	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Adj. Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Male sex	2.68 (1.53–4.67)	0.87 (0.43–1.75)	0.697
Pregnant	0.22 (0.13–0.38)	0.29 (0.13–0.63)	0.002
Age (continuous)	1.06 (1.03–1.10)	1.03 (1.00–1.07)	0.042
BMI (kg/m2– continuous)	0.85 (0.79–0.92)	0.95 (0.86–1.04)	0.057
Illiterate	1.28 (0.77–2.04)
In formal employment	1.91 (1.17–3.11)†
WHO stage‡
Stage 1 or 2	1	1	0.997
Stage 3 or 4	2.37 (1.40–4.01)	1.00 (0.50–2.01)
Self-reported general health
Excellent	1	1	0.036
Good	1.90 (0.91–3.96)	2.43 (0.98–5.98)
Fair	3.44 (1.68–7.05)	2.62 (1.15–5.93)
Poor	10.04 (3.81–26.45)	4.55 (1.41–14.60)
Clinic where HTC performed
Chilomoni Health Centre	1	1	0.001
Ndirande Health Centre	1.61 (0.99–2.62)	2.82 (1.54–5.17)
First time tested for HIV
Yes	1.26 (0.77–2.04)
Household food insecurity§
Yes	1.06 (0.59–1.91)
Patient perceived difficulty in attending clinic
Difficult	0.77 (0.38–1.56)

BMI, body mass index; HTC, HIV testing and counselling

^†Not carried forward for multivariate analysis due to collinearity.

^‡WHO staging assessment as performed by study research assistants.

^§Defined as skipping a meal in the last 2-weeks to ensure food for children.