Table 2. Association between participants’ characteristics and presence of HPV (any HPV types, carcinogenic HPV types, single carcinogenic HPV type, multiple carcinogenic HPV types, HPV16, and non-HPV16 carcinogenic types) in HIV-infected women in Pune, India: results of multivariable logistic regression analyses.
| N | Any HPV type | Any Carcinogenic HPV type | Any Single Carcinogenic HPV type | Multiple Carcinogenic HPV types | HPV16 | Non-HPV16 Carcinogenic HPV types | |
| AOR [95%CI] | AOR [95%CI] | AOR [95%CI] | AOR [95%CI] | AOR [95%CI] | AOR [95%CI] | ||
| Age (per year increase) | 278 | 1.04 [0.98–1.09] | 1.01 [0.96–1.07] | 1.04 [0.98–1.10] | 0.92 [0.82–1.03] | 0.98 [0.90–1.06] | 1.03 [0.96–1.09] |
| Marital Status | |||||||
| Married, cohabiting | 89 | 0.7 [0.38–1.30] | 0.88 [0.47–1.63] | 0.66 [0.33–1.34] | 2.02 [0.68–6.02] | 0.88 [0.36–2.15] | 0.89 [0.43–1.83] |
| Non-cohabiting/others | 189 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Education | |||||||
| Primary school or less | 92 | 1.44 [0.76–2.73] | 1.25 [0.65–2.40] | 1.11 [0.53–2.31] | 1.62 [0.50–5.25] | 2.05 [0.80–5.25] | 1.0 [0.45–2.24] |
| High school and above | 186 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Family income (Rs) | |||||||
| <2500 per month | 161 | 0.60 [0.33–1.09] | 0.76 [0.42–1.38] | 0.84 [0.43–1.64] | 0.47 [0.16–1.40] | 0.62 [0.26–1.47] | 0.85 [0.43–1.71] |
| > = 2500 per month | 116 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Parity | |||||||
| 4 or more | 76 | 1.35 [0.74–2.49] | 1.11 [0.60–2.05] | 1.16 [0.59–2.29] | 0.73 [0.23–2.34] | 1.26 [0.51–3.10] | 1.0 [0.49–2.06] |
| 3 or less | 202 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Age at first sex | |||||||
| < = 18 years | 137 | 1.66 [0.94–2.96] | 1.16 [0.65–2.09] | 1.30 [0.68–2.48] | 0.80 [0.28–2.33] | 1.08 [0.46–2.54] | 1.13 [0.57–2.26] |
| >18 years | 141 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Lifetime sex partners | |||||||
| 2 or more | 49 | 2.72 [1.33–5.56] | 2.25 [1.16–4.37] | 1.79 [0.86–3.73] | 3.95 [1.28–12.26] | 1.07 [0.39–2.97] | 2.58 [1.24–5.39] |
| One | 227 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Past history of STI | |||||||
| Yes | 89 | 0.83 [0.46–1.47] | 0.93 [0.51–1.68] | 0.88 [0.46–1.69] | 1.16 [0.38–3.55] | 1.12 [0.47–2.66] | 0.86 [0.43–1.72] |
| No | 188 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Tobacco use | |||||||
| Yes | 76 | 1.28 [0.70–2.36] | 1.26 [0.69–2.29] | 1.32 [0.69–2.54] | 0.89 [0.29–2.69] | 1.04 [0.43–2.51] | 1.31 [0.66–2.61] |
| No | 202 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| CD4+ (decline by 100) | 269 | 1.21 [1.06–1.37] | 1.18 [1.04–1.35] | 1.09 [0.99–1.25] | 1.59 [1.19–2.13] | 1.35 [1.09–1.67] | 1.09 [0.94–1.26] |
| Currently on ART | |||||||
| Yes | 154 | 1.41 [0.82–2.43] | 1.46 [0.84–2.55] | 1.49 [0.80–2.76] | 1.23 [0.44–3.41] | 3.47 [1.40–8.59] | 0.96 [0.51–1.81] |
| No | 123 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Footnotes to Table 2: Abbreviations: HPV: human papillomavirus, STI: sexually transmitted infection, ART: antiretroviral therapy,
AOR: adjusted odds ratio, 95%CI: Lower limits and upper limits of the 95% Confidence intervals. All Odds ratios presented in this table are adjusted (through multivariable logistic regression) for the covariates presented.