Table 1.
Patient characteristics by chronic condition status
| Characteristic, % (95% CI) | No Chronic Condition n=15,146 | Non-Complex Chronic Condition n=9,777 | Complex Chronic Condition n=27,868 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total admissions | 28.7 (28.3–29.1) | 18.5 (18.2–18.9) | 52.8 (52.4–53.2) |
| Age, months, median (IQR)* | 33 (6–135) | 63 (15–156) | 59 (12–152) |
| Male sex* | 58.6 (57.8–59.4) | 55.6 (54.6–56.6) | 54.5 (54–55.1) |
| Race1 | |||
| Caucasian* | 50.7 (49.8–51.6) | 50.6 (49.5–51.7) | 57.3 (56.7–57.9) |
| African American* | 16.1 (15.5–16.7) | 23.5 (22.6–24.4) | 16.2 (15.7–16.7) |
| Hispanic* | 20 (19.3–20.7) | 15.3 (14.5–16.1) | 16.3 (15.8–16.7) |
| Asian/Indian/Pacific Islander | 2.9 (2.6–3.2) | 2.8 (2.4–3.1) | 2.8 (2.6–3) |
| American Indian | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) |
| Other/Mixed* | 5 (4.6–5.4) | 3.9 (3.5–4.3) | 4 (3.8–4.3) |
| Unspecified† | 4.7 (4.3–5.1) | 3.4 (3–3.8) | 2.9 (2.7–3.3) |
| No. chronic diagnoses | |||
| 1 diagnosis | – | 88.1 (87.5–88.8) | 71.4 (70.8–71.9) |
| 2 diagnoses | – | 11.9 (11.2–12.5) | 28.6 (28.1–29.2) |
| Organ categories of chronic conditions2 | |||
| Cardiovascular | – | 7.4 (7.2–7.6) | 11.5 (11.3–11.8) |
| Respiratory | – | 11.6 (11.3–11.8) | 7.7 (7.5–7.9) |
| Neuromuscular | – | 2.7 (2.6–2.8) | 19.3 (18.9–19.6) |
| Congenital/Genetic | – | 4.1 (3.9–4.3) | 5.1 (4.9–5.3) |
| Oncologic | – | 1 (0.9–1.1) | 7.8 (7.6–8) |
| Metabolic/Endocrinologic | – | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 8.9 (8.7–9.2) |
| Renal | – | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) | 1.9 (1.8–2) |
| Gastrointestinal | – | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 6.2 (6–6.4) |
| Hematologic/Immunologic | – | – | 4 (3.8–4.2) |
| Other | – | 7.9 (7.7–8.1) | 1 (0.9–1.1) |
| Nonelective admission* | 90.1 (90.4–91.4) | 59.5 (58.5–60.5) | 62.1 (61.5–62.7) |
| Pre-/Post-operative* | 21 (20.4–21.7) | 46.2 (5.2–47.2) | 47.5 (46.9–8.1) |
| Origin† | |||
| OR/PACU/Procedure suite | 15.4 (14.8–15.9) | 44.1 (43.2–45.1) | 41.1 (40.5–41.7) |
| Emergency Department | 67.5 (66.8–68.3) | 42.1 (41.1–43) | 34.3 (33.8–34.9) |
| General ward | 12.3 (11.7–12.8) | 9.4 (8.8–10) | 14.4 (14–14.8) |
| Another ICU | 1.6 (1.4–1,8) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 3.8 (3.6–4) |
| Intermediate unit | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) |
| Chronic/Rehab facility | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0–0.2) | 0.4 (0.3–0.4) |
| Outpatient/Home | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.5 (1.2–1.7) | 2.9 (2.7–3.1) |
| Other | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.4 (0.3–0.4) |
| Reason for admission3 | |||
| Respiratory* | 35.4 (34.6–36.2) | 45.6 (44.6–46.6) | 27.3 (26.8–27.9) |
| Neurologic* | 31.9 (31.1–32.7) | 14.9 (14.1–15.7) | 21.7 (21.2–22.2) |
| Cardiovascular/Shock* | 9.6 (9.1–10.1) | 17.2 (16.4–18) | 21 (20.6–21.5) |
| Metabolic* | 3.8 (3.5–4.1) | 1.2 (1–1.4) | 10.9 (10.6–11.3) |
| Hemorrhage/Coagulopathy* | 1 (2.7–3.3) | 1 (0.8–1.2) | 2.3 (2.1–2.4) |
| Procedure | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.1 (1–1.2) |
| Other* | 15.4 (14.8–16) | 19.2 (18.4–20) | 15.6 (15.2–16.1) |
| Trauma* | 25.7 (25–26.4) | 3.4 (3–3.7) | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) |
| Disposition* | |||
| General ward | 67.3 (66.5–68) | 67.8 (66.7–68.6) | 60.9 (60.3–61.5) |
| Another ICU | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 2.6 (2.5–2.8) |
| Intermediate unit | 9.9 (9.4–10.4) | 11.4 (10.7–12) | 15.8 (15.3–16.2) |
| OR | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) |
| Chronic/Rehab facility | 0.6 (0.4–0.7) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) |
| Home | 17.2 (16.6–17.8) | 16.7 (16–17.5) | 14.5 (14.1–14.9) |
| Morgue/Medical examiner | 2.2 (2–2.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 3.9 (3.6–4.1) |
| Other | 1 (0.8–1.1) | 1.9 (1.6–2.2) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) |
| PIM2 risk of mortality, %, median (IQR)* | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.6) | 0.3 (0.2 – 1) | 1 (0.3 – 3.2) |
| PICU mortality* | 2.2 (2–2.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 3.9 (3.6–4.1) |
| LOS, days, median (IQR)* | 1.4 (0.8 – 3) | 1.2 (0.9 – 2.3) | 1.9 (1 – 4.8) |
| LOS > 15 days* | 3.1 (2.8–3.3) | 1.6 (1.3–1.8) | 7.4 (7–7.7) |
†
P < 0.01;
*
P < 0.001 by Pearson's chi-squared test or Kruskal-Wallis rank test
CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of stay; OR, operating room; PACU, post-anesthesia care unit; PIM, Pediatric Index of Mortality
1
Based on 45,412 (80%) admissions of patients from 43 sites that supplied race
2
Percentages sum to over 100% because some patients had multiple conditions in different organ categories
3
Based on 48,641 (92%) admissions of patients from 49 sites that supplied reason for admission