Table 4.

Unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis of independent predictors of 30-day mortality including factors associated with sepsis management

Factor	Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	p	Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	p
Female sex	0.84 (0.65–1.09)	0.19	0.68 (0.51–0.91)	0.008
Age, 18 to 29 years olda	0.98 (0.65–1.48)	0.94	--	--
Age, 30 to 44 years olda	1.26 (0.87–1.85)	0.22	--	--
HIV-infected	2.16 (1.23–3.59)	0.003	--	NS
Taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis	1.20 (0.92–1.55)	0.18	--	NS
Taking HAART	1.18 (0.85–1.64)	0.33	--	--
Admission Karnofsky Performance Scale scoreb	0.69 (0.62–0.76)	<0.001	0.71 (0.62–0.81)	<0.001
(Admission Glasgow Coma Scale score)2 b	0.89 (0.86–0.92)	<0.001	0.92 (0.89–0.96)	<0.001
Temperature>37.5°Cc	1.17 (0.86–1.57)	0.32	--	NS
Temperature<35.5°Cc	1.96 (1.28–2.99)	0.002	1.80 (1.12–2.91)	0.02
Admission (heart rate)2 per 104 beats/min	1.44 (1.14–1.82)	0.002	1.52 (1.15–2.02)	0.004
Admission respiratory rate, breaths/min	1.24 (1.12–1.38)	<0.001	1.21 (1.05–1.38)	0.007
Admission systolic blood pressure, mmHg	0.87 (0.80–0.94)	<0.001	0.86 (0.79–0.94)	0.001
CD4 count per 20 cells/mm3	0.93 (0.91–0.96)	<0.001	0.96 (0.93–0.98)	0.002
(Admission white blood cell count)2 per 107 cells/mL	1.03 (1.00–1.06)	0.06	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	0.005
(Admission hemoglobin)2 per 10 g/dL	0.92 (0.90–0.95)	<0.001	--	NS
Admission platelets per 105 cells/mL	0.82 (0.74–0.90)	<0.001	0.86 (0.78–0.96)	0.006
Positive malaria blood smear	1.14 (0.80–1.62)	0.48	--	--
Positive aerobic blood culture	1.12 (0.77–1.63)	0.55	--	--
Antimicrobial taken prior to hospitalization	0.98 (0.75–1.27)	0.85	--	--
Antimalarial given during hospitalization	0.69 (0.48–0.99)	0.05	--	NS
Time to initial antibiotics, <1 hourd	0.49 (0.28–0.87)	0.02	0.44 (0.21–0.89)	0.02
Time to initial antibiotics, 1 to 6 hoursd	0.40 (0.22–0.73)	0.003	0.29 (0.14–0.62)	0.001
Time to initial antibiotics, >6 hoursd	0.58 (0.31–1.07)	0.08	0.39 (0.19–0.81)	0.01
Volume of fluids in the first 6 hours, 1001 to 2500 mLe	0.54 (0.38–0.77)	0.001	0.54 (0.35–0.82)	0.004
Volume of fluids in the first 6 hours, 2501 to 3500 mLe	0.74 (0.52–1.06)	0.10	0.72 (0.47–1.11)	0.14
Volume of fluids in the first 6 hours, >3500 mLe	0.69 (0.48–0.98)	0.04	0.61 (0.39–0.94)	0.02

^aCompared to age ≥ 45 years old;

^bPer 10-unit increase;

^cCompared to 35.5 to 37.5°C;

^dCompared to patients receiving no initial antibiotics;

^eCompared to patients receiving ≤ 1000 mL in the first 6 hours of hospitalization