Inhibitory effects of AL conjugates on tube formation of HUVEC. (A) Representative photos (×100, inverted phase contrast microscope) showing that the HUVEC formed a capillary-like tube structure on the Matrigel layer. (B) Tube length quantified by MetaMorph software. (ASO: naked antisense HIF1α oligonucleotide, MMO: mismatch HIF1α oligonucleotide, ASO+L: physical mixture of ASO and LMWP, ASO-Lipo: physical mixture of ASO and lipofectamine, ML: chemical conjugates of MMO-LMWP linked with a disulfide bond, AL: chemical conjugates of ASO-LMWP linked with a disulfide bond) Scale bar = 50 μm. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. from 4 different regions randomly chosen from each group from 3 independent sets of experiments (n = 3). * indicates data were statistically different at p < 0.05.