Table 2.
Physiological functions of GnIH and its orthologs in vertebrates.
Animal | Name | Physiological Function | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Mammal
| |||
Human | RFRP-1 | Stimulation of prolactin release (i.c.v.) | Hinuma et al., 2000 |
| |||
Bovine | RFRP-3* | Inhibition of GnRH-elicited gonadotropin release (in vitro) | Kadokawa et al., 2009 |
Inhibition of gonadotropin release (i.v.) | Kadokawa et al., 2009 | ||
| |||
Ovine | RFRP-3* | Inhibition of GnRH-elicited gonadotropin release (in vitro) | Clerke et al., 2008 |
Inhibition of gonadotropin release (i.v.) | Clerke et al., 2008 | ||
Inhibition of GnRH-elicited gonadotropin synthesis and release (in vitro) | Sari et al., 2009 | ||
| |||
Rat | RFRP-1* | Stimulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin release (i.c.v.) | Kaewwongse at al., 2011 |
| |||
RFRP-3 | Stimulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin release (i.c.v.) | Kaewwongse at al., 2011 | |
Inhibition of gonadotropin release (i.c.v.) | Johnson et al., 2007 | ||
Inhibition of gonadotropin release (i.v.) | Murakami et al., 2008 | ||
Inhibition of GnRH-elicited gonadotropin release (in vitro) | Murakami et al., 2008 | ||
Inhibition of reproductive behavior (i.c.v.) | Johnson et al., 2007 | ||
Stimulation of feeding behavior (i.c.v.) | Johnson et al., 2007 | ||
Stimulation of feeding behavior (i.c.v.) | Murakami et al., 2008 | ||
| |||
Hamster | RFRP-1 | Inhibition of gonadotropin release (i.c.v.) | Ubuka et al., 2011 |
| |||
RFRP-3 | Inhibition of gonadotropin release (i.c.v.) | Ubuka et al., 2011 | |
Inhibition of gonadotropin release (i.p.) | Kriegsfeld et al., 2006 | ||
| |||
Bird
| |||
Quail | GnIH | Inhibition of gonadotropin release (in vitro) | Tsutsui et al., 2000 |
Inhibition of gonadotropin synthesis and release (i.p.) | Ubuka et al., 2006 | ||
| |||
Chicken | GnIH* | Inhibition of gonadotropin synthesis and release (in vitro) | Ciccone et al., 2004 |
Stimulation of feeding behavior (i.c.v.) | Tachibana et al., 2005 | ||
| |||
GnIH-RP-1* | Stimulation of feeding behavior (i.c.v.) | Tachibana et al., 2005 | |
| |||
GnIH-RP-2* | Stimulation of feeding behavior (i.c.v.) | Tachibana et al., 2005 | |
| |||
Sparrow | GnIH* | Inhibition of GnRH-elicited gonadotropin release (i.v.) | Osugi et al., 2004 |
Inhibition of gonadotropin release (i.v.) | Osugi et al., 2004 | ||
Inhibition of gonadotropin release (i.c.v.) | Bentley et al., 2006 | ||
Inhibition of reproductive behavior (i.c.v.) | Bentley et al., 2006 | ||
| |||
Amphibian
| |||
Frog | fGRP | Stimulation of GH release (in vitro, i.p.) | Koda et al., 2002 |
| |||
fGRP-RP-2 | Stimulation of GH/PRL release (in vitro, i.p.) | Ukena et al., 2003b | |
| |||
Fish
| |||
Goldfish | gfLPXRFa-1* | Stimulation of gonadotropin and GH release (in vitro) | Amano et al., 2006 |
| |||
gfLPXRFa-2* | Stimulation of gonadotropin and GH release (in vitro) | Amano et al., 2006 | |
| |||
gfLPXRFa-3 | Stimulation of gonadotropin and GH release (in vitro) | Amano et al., 2006 | |
| |||
Zebrafish | zfLPXRFa-3* | Inhibition of gonadotropin release (i.p.) | Zhang et al., 2010 |
Putative peptides. i.c.v.: intracerebroventricular administration; i.v.: intravenous administration; i.p.: intraperitoneal administration.