Table 3.
Adjusted mean differences (95% confidence intervals) in annual rates of cognitive decline by tertiles of Mediterranean Diet score (n=2504)
| Mediterranean Diet score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low [0–3] | Middle [4–5] | High [6–9] | p-value for trend | |
| Global cognitive score* (n=2504) | ||||
| Basic-adjusted model† | 0 (Reference) | 0.01 ( 0.00, 0.02) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.67 |
| Multivariable-adjusted model‡ | 0 (Reference) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.88 |
| TICS (n=2504) | ||||
| Basic-adjusted model† | 0 (Reference) | 0.03 (−0.04, 0.10) | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.06) | 0.81 |
| Multivariable-adjusted model‡ | 0 (Reference) | 0.02 (−0.05, 0.08) | −0.03 (−0.11, 0.05) | 0.53 |
| Verbal memory* (n=2504) | ||||
| Basic-adjusted model† | 0 (Reference) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.54 |
| Multivariable-adjusted model‡ | 0 (Reference) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.97 |
| Category fluency (n=2499) | ||||
| Basic-adjusted model† | 0 (Reference) | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.11) | −0.03 (−0.14, 0.08) | 0.67 |
| Multivariable-adjusted model‡ | 0 (Reference) | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.11) | −0.03 (−0.14, 0.08) | 0.64 |
TICS: Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status
Global cognitive score is a composite score of the z-scores of the TICS, immediate and delayed recalls of the East Boston Memory Test, category fluency, and delayed recall of the TICS 10-word list; Verbal memory score is a composite score of the z-scores of the immediate and delayed recalls of both the TICS 10-word and the East Boston Memory Test
Adjusted for age (years), education (licensed practical nurse, vocational nurse or associate’s degree; registered nurse degree or bachelor’s degree; master’s or doctoral degree) and energy from diet (quartiles)
Further adjusted for marital status (married, divorced, widowed, single), physical activity (quartiles of weekly calories expended from exercise and climbing the stairs), use of multivitamin supplements (no, yes), smoking status (never, past, current), body mass index (kg/m2, quartiles), postmenopausal hormone therapy use (never, past, current), aspirin use exceeding 10 days in the previous month (no, yes), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use exceeding 10 days in the previous month (no, yes), history of depression (no, yes), cardiovascular profile at baseline (myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization procedures, symptomatic angina pectoris, transient cerebral ischemia, no clinical disease), diabetes (no, yes), hypertension (no, yes on pharmaceutical treatment, yes without pharmaceutical treatment), hyperlipidemia (no, yes on pharmaceutical treatment, yes without pharmaceutical treatment), and randomization assignment for vitamin E (placebo, active), vitamin C (placebo, active), beta-carotene (placebo, active), and folate (not assigned, placebo, active)