Figure 4.

Phylogenetic tree of the 23 complete mtDNA sequences generated in this study. Haplogroups are labeled in boxes and follow PhyloTree Build 12 nomenclature (van Oven and Kayser, 2009). Mutations are denoted as nucleotide position numbers corresponding to the rCRS. Mutations are transitions unless an exact base change is specified. Deletions and insertions are indicated by “d” and “0.1,” respectively, followed by the base(s) involved. Back mutations (from the perspective of the ancestral root) are preceded by “@.” Variants 309.1C, 315.1C, 16182C, 16183C, and 16519 were not considered for tree construction and are therefore not shown. The samples that have appeared in the study are given numerical labels followed by brain region abbreviations. As an example, in the first column individual 58, belonging to haplogroup L1c3b2, was sequenced in 11 brain regions which all showed the same phylogenetic relationship, indicating a lack of novel mutations between brain regions from the same individual.