Table 25: Studies on Bone Mineral Density as a Predictor for Fragility Fractures in Men.

Study	Design	Patient Sample size (N) & Age	Relative risk RR or Odds Ratio OR or Hazard Ratio HR (95% CI) for fractures	Other findings
Johnell 2005 (142)	Meta-analysis	N = 38,973 25% men	RR/SD @ hip for men 2.42 (1.90–3.09)	Gradient of risk not significantly different between men & women
Gonelli 2005 (143)	Cross-sectional study	N= 401 men	Hip BMD predicts hip fractures OR 3.42
Szulc 2005 (97)	Prospective Longitudinal study (7.5 years)	N = 759 men Age >50 years	OR 1.28 (L spine) to 1.89 (whole body) per SD decrease in BMD Predictive accuracy: AUC 0.643–0.712	13.7% of incident fractures occurred in men with low BMD at trochanter and 44% in men with low BMD at ultradistal radius
Van der Klift 2002 (144)	Longitudinal (6.3 years)	N =1,377 men 1,624 women	Low spine BMD RR 2.3(1.6–3.3)
Schuit 2004 (145)	Prospective population-based longitudinal cohort study (Rotterdam) Mean follow-up 6.8 yrs	N = 3,075 men & 4,731 women ≥55 years	HR/SD decrease in BMD Men: all nonvertebral 1.4 (1.2–1.6); hip 2.3 (1.6–3.3) Women: all nonvertebral 1.5 (1.4-1.60; hip 2.1 (1.7–2.5)	T-score < –2.5 identified 21% of nonvertebral fractures in elderly men & 44% in elderly women
Pande 2000 (146)	Case-controlled study	N = 62 of 100 consecutive Caucasian men >50 years of age with low trauma fracture & had BMD test vs 100 controls	OR for fracture per SD reduction in BMD = 1.8 for L-spine, 3.1 for femoral neck, 3.9 for trochanter, 4.0 for intertrochanter area, 3.7 for ward’s triangle.
Cauley 2004 SOF(147)	Cross sectional study	N = 317 men & 2,067 Caucasian women Age>50 years	0.1g/cm2 decrease in BMD associated with 30–40% increase in risk of vertebral fracture in men
Kudlacek 2000 (148)	Cross-sectional study	N = 136 men & 337 women Mean age 60.7 yrs		Men fractured at a higher BMD level than women OR for gender 3.1