^*MW refers to molecular weight; PEG, polyethylene glycol; QD, quantum dot; TOPO, tri-n-octylphosphine oxide.

Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: [Nature Biotechnology]: Gao X, Cui Y, Levenson RM, Chung LW, Nie S. In vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dots; 22(8): 969-76, Copyright 2004