Table 7.

Differences in Nurse Responses by Gender, Participating in Update Training, Sufficiency of Pain Management, Contract, Employment Arrangement and Hospitals

Background Variable	Analgesic Treatment Practices Factor 1			Emotional Support Factor 2			Physical Methods Factor 3			Specific Methods Factor 4
	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD
Gender
Male	15	4.0	0.49	15	3.2	0.66	15	2.1	1.1	15	4.7	0.41
Female	315	4.0	0.55	315	3.7	0.75	312	2.2	0.83	315	4.6	0.47
	ns.*			p=.013			ns.			ns.
Participating in update training
Yes	20	4.2	0.43	20	4.0	0.63	20	2.4	0.83	20	4.6	0.57
No	309	4.0	0.55	309	3.6	0.76	306	2.2	0.85	309	4.6	0.46
	ns.			p=.035			ns.			ns.
Sufficiency of pain management
Undertreated	147	3.9	0.59	151	3.6	0.77	148	2.1	0.76	151	4.6	0.47
Sufficient	169	4.2	0.46	170	3.6	0.73	170	2.3	0.90	170	4.7	0.46
	p< .001			ns.			p=.007			ns.
Contract
Permanent	259	4.1	0.54	265	3.7	0.75	262	2.1	0.83	265	4.6	0.47
Deputy	60	4.0	0.57	60	3.6	0.77	60	2.4	0.90	60	4.6	0.45
	ns.			ns.			p=.043			ns.
Employment arrangement
Fully time	282	4.1	0.55	287	3.6	0.76	285	2.2	0.84	287	4.7	0.44
Part time	39	4.0	0.50	40	3.5	0.75	39	2.1	0.91	40	4.4	0.53
	ns.			ns.			ns.			p=.006
Different hospitals
All hospitals	324	4.1	0.55	330	3.6	0.75	327	2.2	0.85	330	4.6	0.46
	p< .001			p=.009			p< .001			ns.
University hospitals	153	4.1	0.58	156	3.7	0.80	154	2.1	0.76	156	4.6	0.44
City-centre hospitals	171	4.1	0.52	174	3.6	0.71	173	2.3	0.91	174	4.6	0.48
	ns.			ns.			ns.			ns.

^*ns. =not significant.