Melphalan (L-PAM) induced variable p53 expression and signaling in CHLA-200, CHLA-259, CHLA-266, and DAOY cell lines. Cells (1 × 106) plated in six well plates were incubated with L-PAM (6 µg/ml) or vehicle in 2 ml medium. After 16 h cells were collected, cell lysates (20 µg for p53 and MDM2 and 10 µg for p21) were resolved by SDS-PAGE and detected by western blotting. Fold increase in expression in presence of drug compared to control was calculated by densitometry using actin as loading control, and is denoted below the blots. This is a representative experiment of three with similar results