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. 2011 Nov 21;590(Pt 3):433–440. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.220822

Figure 2. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) use a type III secretion system to deliver effector proteins including Tir, EspF, Map and EspG1 and EspG2.

Figure 2

Injected Tir binds to Intimin on the bacterial surface and promotes attaching and effacing lesion formation. EspF decreases both sodium–hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) and sodium–glucose cotransport 1 (SGLT1) activity in addition to disruption of tight junctions. Map acts along with EspF to decrease SGLT1 activity and tight junction function. EspG1 and EspG2 decrease Cl−/OH− exchange by DRA and also impair tight junctions. The combined activities of these proteins on ion transport alter the osmotic gradient leading to subsequent movement of water into the intestinal lumen.