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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: Nanoscale. 2010 Nov 19;3(2):581–591. doi: 10.1039/c0nr00479k

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Applied electromagnet current (a) and raw probe intensity data (normalized to the intensity at i = 0 Amps) (b) versus time. Retraction is indicated in red and extension in blue. Intensity as a function of applied current is shown in (c). Three force loops are shown at different cycle times. Reducing the cycle time to 10 s introduces no hysteresis in the intensity-current retraction curves. There is, however, a hysteresis between the retraction and extension curves in all three cycle times. The hysteresis does not disappear until approximately 0.7 A of current is reached when the extension curve shifts to overlap the retraction data.