Table 1.
Torture criteria
| Definition | Criteria | N (%) | Missing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gateway criterion | Abuse by “authority” | 132/165 (80.0) | |
| WMA, UNCAT, TVRA | Suffering | 132/132 (100.0) | |
| WMA, UNCAT, TVRA | Deliberate | 131 (99.2) | |
| WMA | Systematic | 115 (87.1%) | 2 |
| WMA | Wanton | 115 (87.1%) | 5 |
| WMA, UNCAT, TVRA | Coercive purpose | 129 (97.7) | |
| UNCAT, TVRA | Participation of government official | 123 (93.2) | |
| UNCAT, TVRA | Extra-legal | 130 (98.5) | 2 |
| TVRA | Harm for “long period of time” | 127 (96.2) | |
| Harm from at least one: | |||
| TVRA | “Severe suffering” | 121 (91.7) | |
| TVRA | “Threatened infliction” | 82 (62.1) | 8 |
| TVRA | “Administration of drugs” | 14 (10.6) | 11 |
| TVRA | “Death threats” | 57 (43.2) | 10 |
| TVRA | “Threats made against others” | 57 (43.2) | 10 |
| Additional ORR guidance for TVRA | Setting under control of authority | 95 (71.7) |
Notes. WMA = World Medical Association; UNCAT = United Nations Convention Against Torture; TVRA = Torture Victims Relief Act (USA); ORR = Office of Refugee Resettlement (USA).