Table 4. Multivariate regression analysis using the cytokines as dependent variables and smoking status, hypertension, BMI, and hypercholesterolemia as independent variables.
| Cytokines | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| T2D | CHC | CHD | LC | LCD | |
| 21-Plex | |||||
| IL-1α | 0.66 (0.32–1.12) | 0.72 (0.44–1.06) | 0.69 (0.39–1.02) | 0.88 (0.69–1.11) | 0.79 (0.49–1.08) |
| IL-2R | 0.65 (0.21–1.01) | 0.79 (0.48–1.04) | 0.72 (0.42–1.01) | 0.85 (0.48–1.10) | 0.81 (0.55–1.10) |
| IL-12 | 0.74 (0.50–1.05) | 0.78 (0.52–1.01) | 0.65 (0.49–1.11) | 0.77 (0.48–1.05) | 0.80 (0.58–1.09) |
| IL-18 | 5.36 (3.51–7.65) | 0.81 (0.56–1.15) | 4.51 (3.95–5.23) | 0.79 (0.45–1.21) | 1.01 (0.89–1.20) |
| CXCL1 | 0.77 (0.42–1.05) | 1.01 (0.72–1.41) | 0.94 (0.55–1.29) | 0.95 (0.78–1.20) | |
| CXCL9 | 0.81 (0.49–1.07) | 0.99 (0.58–1.09) | 0.95 (0.51–1.28) | 0.91 (0.79–1.13) | |
| HGF | 1.06 (0.52–1.55) | 1.01 (0.71–1.44) | 0.88 (0.71–1.15) | 3.45 (2.74–4.76) | |
| β-NGF | 0.74 (0.47–1.08) | 0.79 (0.50–1.13) | 0.79 (0.50–1.09) | 0.89 (0.71–1.10) | |
| MIF | 2.36 (1.91–4.01) | 0.80 (0.59–1.04) | 0.81 (0.57–1.11) | 0.90 (0.68–1.12) | 0.94 (0.75–1.12) |
| 10-Plex | |||||
| C-peptide | 0.69 (0.41–1.00) | 1.86 (1.55–3.92) | 0.87 (0.75–1.13) | 1.00 (0.78–1.22) | |
| Ghrelin | 0.71 (0.44–1.10) | 0.78(0.49–1.09) | 0.80 (0.64–1.00) | 0.93 (0.73–1.22) | 0.92 (0.79–1.10) |
| GIP | 0.75 (0.44–1.10) | 0.78 (0.52–1.09) | 0.76 (0.59–1.12) | 0.89 (0.70–1.08) | |
| Glucagon | 0.73 (0.41–1.07) | 0.99 (0.59–1.14) | 2.77 (1.98–3.89) | ||
| Insulin | 0.92 (0.56–1.45) | 0.74 (0.45–1.05) | 1.01 (0.79–1.23) | 0.89 (0.66–1.11) | 0.88 (0.75–1.06) |
| Leptin | 0.65 (0.43–0.99) | 0.84 (0.50–1.10) | 1.00 (0.77–1.19) | 0.91 (0.76–1.21) | 0.89 (0.66–1.09) |
| PAI-1 | 0.44 (0.21–1.01) | 0.90 (0.74–1.11) | 1.03 (0.75–1.30) | 0.79 (0.54–1.13) | 0.95 (0.79–1.19) |
| Resistin | 1.99 (1.52–3.21) | 0.71 (0.52–1.02) | 1.05 (0.75–1.28) | 0.85 (0.57–1.09) | 0.99 (0.78–1.21) |
| 2-Plex | |||||
| Adiponectin | 0.69 (0.40–0.99) | 0.98 (0.79–1.19) | 0.79 (0.60–1.07) | 0.70 (0.51–1.00) | |
| Adipsin | 0.55 (0.38–1.04) | 0.73 (0.50–1.03) | 1.01 (0.68–1.19) | 0.84 (0.51–1.05) | 0.72 (0.49–1.08) |
We report odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) evaluated for association between each significant cytokine (shown in Table 2) and BMI in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), CHC hepatitis and type 2 diabetes (CHD), CHC-related cirrhosis (LC), and CHC-related cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes (LCD). OR being positively associated (higher than 1) to cytokines are evidenced in bold.