Table 3. Analyses of Long-term Employment and Medical Practice associated with MPH Education Completion among Medical School Graduates.
| Unadjusted | Multivariate | ||||
| Long-term Professional Achievements | MPH* (n = 190) | No MPH** (n = 918) | P value | Relative Ris∧ (95% CI) | P value |
| Type of Organization, n(%) | |||||
| Private practice | 86 (47.8) | 627 (70.5) | <0.001 | 1.00 (Ref.) | |
| Academic institution | 46 (25.6) | 151 (17.0) | 1.81 (1.33, 2.37) | 0.0003 | |
| Governmental agency | 24 (13.3) | 38 (4.3) | 3.26 (1.89, 5.38) | <.0001 | |
| Other organization | 24 (13.3) | 73 (8.2) | 1.88 (1.16, 2.93) | 0.0111 | |
| Professional Position, n(%) | |||||
| Fee for service clinical practice | 70 (39.1) | 525 (59.6) | <0.001 | 1.00 (Ref.) | |
| Faculty or research appointment | 39 (21.8) | 125 (14.2) | 1.89 (1.32, 2.58) | 0.0007 | |
| Salaried clinical practice | 38 (21.2) | 125 (14.2) | 1.64 (1.13, 2.29) | 0.0106 | |
| Administrative | 12 (6.7) | 63 (7.2) | 1.27 (0.66, 2.36) | 0.4633 | |
| Public health professional | 11 (6.1) | 2 (0.2) | 24.39 (5.15, 99.11) | <.0001 | |
| Other | 9 (5.0) | 41 (4.7) | 1.59 (0.73, 3.29) | 0.2369 | |
| Type of Medical Practice, n(%)∧∧ # | |||||
| Specialty care | 97 (51.6) | 674 (74.4) | <0.001 | 1.00 (Ref.) | |
| Primary care | 52 (27.7) | 181 (20.0) | 1.59 (1.18, 2.05) | 0.0026 | |
| Population/Public health | 22 (11.7) | 3 (0.3) | 39.84 (12.13, 107.38) | <.0001 | |
| Other | 17 (9.0) | 48 (5.3) | 2.98 (1.70, 4.95) | 0.0002 | |
| Practice Setting, n(%)# | |||||
| Suburban | 63 (35.6) | 436 (49.8) | <0.001 | 1.00 (Ref.) | |
| Rural | 25 (14.1) | 114 (13.0) | 1.47 (0.93, 2.21) | 0.0974 | |
| Inner city | 65 (36.7) | 265 (30.3) | 1.35 (1.02, 1.70) | 0.0347 | |
| Military | 11 (6.2) | 27 (3.1) | 2.29 (1.08, 4.65) | 0.0314 | |
| International | 8 (4.5) | 3 (0.3) | 14.62 (3.64, 52.68) | 0.0002 | |
| Other | 5 (2.8) | 30 (3.4) | 0.75 (0.25, 2.14) | 0.5932 | |
*
Including all public health degree completion: MPH, MSPH or MPH&TM; **Including no public health degree completion.
∧Estimated from odds ratios and adjusted for age, race, gender, undergraduate university region, years since medical school graduation, and residency training; ∧ not adjusted for residency training.
#additionally adjusted for employed by academic institution and faculty or research appointment; CI-confidence interval.