Fig. 2.

Aldh1a1^−/− mice display reduced hepatic glucose production. A, Pyruvate tolerance test was performed in WT (dashed line) and Aldh1a1^−/− mice (solid line). Blood glucose concentrations after ip pyruvate injection and area under the curve are given. B–G, Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies were performed in WT (white bars) and Aldh1a1^−/− mice (black bars). Glucose infusion rate (B), plasma insulin concentrations (C), and hepatic glucose production (D) were measured at baseline and during clamp conditions. Insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production was assessed (E), and whole-body glucose turnover, glycolysis, glucose clearance, and glycogen synthesis (F) were determined under basal and clamp conditions. G, Tissue-specific glucose uptake was analyzed by enrichment of phosphorylated [¹⁴C]2DG in GWAT, SWAT, M. gastrocnemius, and BAT (n = 8/group; *, P < 0.05).