Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample at 6 months by enrolment: sleepy and cognitive impairment cohorts
| Overall (n = 242) | +EDS +CI (n = 69) | +EDS no CI (n = 67) | No EDS + CI (n = 51) | No EDS no CI (n = 55) | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.5 ± 11.9 | 62.9 ± 12.5 | 60.4 ± 11.5 | 67.1 ± 10.8 | 60.4 ± 11.7 | 0.009 |
| Male | 152 (62.8) | 48 (69.6) | 35 (52.2) | 33 (64.7) | 36 (65.5) | 0.187 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.016 | |||||
| White | 157 (64.9) | 39 (56.5) | 50 (74.6) | 27 (52.9) | 41 (74.6) | |
| Black | 77 (31.8) | 28 (40.6) | 15 (22.4) | 20 (39.2) | 14 (25.4) | |
| Otherb | 8 (3.3) | 2 (2.9) | 2 (3.0) | 4 (7.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Education | 0.011 | |||||
| Less than high school | 23 (9.5) | 8 (11.6) | 3 (4.5) | 10 (19.6) | 2 (3.6) | |
| High school | 80 (33.1) | 22 (31.9) | 23 (34.3) | 21 (41.2) | 14 (25.5) | |
| Some college | 139 (57.4) | 39 (56.5) | 41 (61.2) | 20 (39.2) | 39 (70.9) | |
| Body mass index | 31.2 ± 12.0 | 30.1 ± 6.0 | 31.6 ± 9.2 | 33.0 ± 21 | 30.2 ± 8.0 | 0.553 |
| Financial status | 0.281 | |||||
| More than enough to make ends meet | 86 (35.5) | 22 (31.9) | 26 (38.8) | 21 (41.2) | 17 (30.9) | |
| Enough to make ends meet | 119 (49.2) | 35 (50.7) | 28 (41.8) | 22 (43.1) | 34 (61.8) | |
| Not enough to make ends meet | 37 (15.3) | 12 (17.4) | 13 (19.4) | 8 (15.7) | 4 (7.3) | |
| Employment status | 0.001 | |||||
| Employed | 68 (28.1) | 11 (15.9) | 28 (41.8) | 12 (23.5) | 17 (30.9) | |
| Disability/unemployed | 59 (24.4) | 26 (37.7) | 15 (22.4) | 5 (9.8) | 13 (23.6) | |
| Retired/homemaker | 115 (47.5) | 32 (46.4) | 24 (35.8) | 34 (66.7) | 25 (45.5) | |
| Perceived overall health | 0.002 | |||||
| Excellent/very good/good | 116 (47.9) | 25 (36.2) | 45 (67.2) | 22 (43.1) | 24 (43.6) | |
| Fair/poor | 126 (52.1) | 44 (63.8) | 22 (32.8) | 29 (56.9) | 31 (56.4) | |
| KCCQ Overall Summary Score | 69.4 ± 20.3 | 60.5 ± 22.5 | 72.8 ± 18.5 | 72.5 ± 17.7 | 74.6 ± 17.4 | <0.001 |
| FOSQ Total score | 17.4 ± 2.6 | 16.0 ± 2.8 | 17.6 ± 2.2 | 18.2 ± 2.1 | 18.5 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Number of co-morbid conditions | 3.1 ± 2.1 | 3.5 ± 2.1 | 2.5 ± 2.1 | 3.8 ± 2.2 | 2.8 ± 1.7 | 0.003 |
| Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ2) | 0.81 ± 1.28 | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 0.8 ± 1.2 | 0.5 ± 1.2 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.022 |
| NYHA functional class | 0.083 | |||||
| Classes I and II | 86 (28.1) | 11 (15.9) | 20 (29.9) | 16 (31.4) | 21 (38.2) | |
| Class III | 143 (59.1) | 44 (63.8) | 39 (58.2) | 31 (60.8) | 29 (52.7) | |
| Class IV | 31 (12.8) | 14 (20.3) | 8 (11.9) | 4 (7.8) | 5 (9.1) | |
| Months with heart failure at study entry | 75.2 ± 73.7 | 66.0 ± 58.6 | 70.1 ± 62.3 | 70.8 ± 70.3 | 98.0 ± 101 | 0.373 |
| Sleep-disordered breathing | 137 (56.6) | 39 (56.5) | 41 (61.2) | 27 (52.9) | 30 (54.5) | 0.84 |
| Number of medicines known to cause daytime somnolence | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ±1.2 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 0.65 |
Mean ± standard deviation or n (%) are reported.
CI, cognitive impairment; EDS, excessive daytime sleepiness; FOSQ, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire; KCCQ, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
aComparison of groups via analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis, or χ2 tests.
bOther category combined with Black for analysis.