Table 2.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the association between social isolation group (low vs. moderate/high/isolated) and incident heart failure in the ARIC visit 2 participants
| Regression models | Incident HF events (n = 1727; 13.0%) |
|
|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Model 1a (n = 12 976) | ||
| Low social isolation (ref) | 1.00 | |
| Moderate/high/ isolated | 1.18 (1.06–1.32) | 0.003 |
| Model 2b (n = 12 967) | ||
| Low social isolation (ref) | 1.00 | |
| Moderate/high/isolated | 1.13 (1.01–1.26) | 0.029 |
| Model 3c (n = 12 759) | ||
| Low social isolation (ref) | 1.00 | |
| Moderate/high/isolated | 1.21 (1.08–1.35) | 0.001 |
CI, confidence interval; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio.
aAdjusted for age, gender, race/study community, educational level.
bAdjusted for age, gender, race/study community, educational level, current smoking, alcohol use.
cAdjusted for age, gender, race/study community, educational level, current smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, body mass index.