. 2012 Feb;114(2):153–160. doi: 10.1002/ejlt.201100008

Table 2.

Oil content (%) and fatty acid distribution (% of total FAME) of seeds of different genera and species of Primulaceae and Boraginaceae [to be continued]

	Family	Primulaceae

	Genus	Dodecatheon				D. spp. mean	Primula			P. spp. mean

	Species	D. pulchellum (Raf.) Merr.	D. clevelandii Greene	D. meadia L.	D. jeffreyi Van Houtte		P. veris L.	P. ruprechtii Kusn.	P. denticulata Sm.
	Samples	n = 4	n = 4	n = 4	n = 4	n = 16	n = 4	n = 4	n = 4	n = 12
	Oil content (%)	13.9	8.87	19.9³	11.2	13.5^d	11.1	14.8	16.8	14.2^d
	Fatty acid (% Σ FAME)
	C16:0	8.50	7.47	7.47	8.09	7.88^a	8.12	7.29	8.95	8.12^a
	C16:1c9	0.64¹	0.51²	0.47²	0.49²	0.53^a	0.50²	0.45²	0.39³	0.45^b
	C17iso	0.27	0.36³	0.31	0.45²	0.35^b	0.28	0.24	1.17¹	0.56^a
	C18:0	1.22	0.98	1.05	0.98	1.06^c	1.48	1.22	1.08	1.26^b
n-9	C18:1c9	29.8³	30.7³	31.9³	29.2	30.4^b	22.0	18.8	16.6	19.2^c
	C18:1c11	1.49²	1.48²	1.42²	1.46²	1.46^a	1.42²	1.51²	1.18³	1.37^b
n-6	C18:2c9,12	33.3^2,3	33.3^2,3	32.2³	35.5^1,2	33.6^a	30.3	30.2	36.8¹	32.4^a
n-6	C18:3c6,9,12	3.84	4.04	3.94	4.38	4.05^d	1.86	1.04	1.57	1.49^e
n-3	C18:3c9,12,15	15.0	14.8	15.4	14.1	14.8^c	27.2	31.2	28.0	28.8^b
n-3	C18:4c6,9,12,15	4.88	5.04	5.15	4.57	4.91^b	4.42	5.52	3.56	4.50^c
	C20:0	0.08	0.14	0.12	0.10	0.11^c	0.25	0.20	0.15	0.20^c
	C20:1c11	0.22	0.41	0.22	0.20	0.26^c	0.17	0.14	0.09	0.14^d
	C22:0	0.00	0.13	0.07	0.08	0.07^c	0.23	0.22	0.09	0.18^b
	C22:1c13	0.00	0.30	0.00	0.00	0.08^c	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00^d
	C24:0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.01^b	0.20²	0.23¹	0.03	0.15^a
	C24:1c15	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.01^b	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00^b

	Σ SFA	10.3	8.82	8.76	9.39	9.32^b	10.3	9.21	10.3	9.96^a
	Σ MUFA	32.3	33.5	34.1	31.4	32.8^b	24.2	20.9	18.4	21.1^c
	Σ PUFA	57.0	57.3	56.7	58.6	57.4^c	64.1	68.4	70.0³	67.5^b
	Σ n-3	19.9	19.9	20.5	18.7	19.7^d	31.6	36.7	31.6	33.3^c
	Σ n-6	37.1³	37.3^2,3	36.1³	39.9^2,3	37.6^a	32.2	31.2	38.4^2,3	33.9^b,c
	Σ n-6/n-3	1.87	1.88	1.76	2.14	1.91^b	1.02	0.85	1.22	1.03^c

	Family	Boraginaceae

	Genus	Echium			*E. species* mean	Alkanna		*A. species* mean	Cynoglossum			*C. species* mean	Various genera

													Moltkia	Myosotis	Arnebia	Cerinthe	Ompha-lodes	Anchusa	Litho-spermum	Buglossoides
	Species	E. vulgare L. (1)	E. vulgare L. (2)	E. rosulatum Lange		A. graeca Boiss. & Spruner	A. orientalis (L.) Boiss.		C. officinale L. (1)	C. officinale L. (2)	C. germani-cum Jacq.		M. suffruticosa (L.) Brand	M. palustris (L.) Nath.	A. pulchra Edm.	C. minor L.	O. linifolia (L.) Moench	A. officinalis L.	L. officinale L.	B. purpureo-caerulea (L.) I.M. Johnst.^§

	Samples	n = 4	n = 4	n = 4	n = 12	n = 4	n = 4	n = 8	n = 4	n = 4	n = 4	n = 12	n = 4	n = 4	n = 4	n = 4	n = 4	n = 4	n = 4	n = 4
	Oil content (%)	16.7	13.8	20.6³	17.0^c	23.1²	22.1²	22.6^a	15.6	19.4³	24.3¹	19.8^b	13.8	14.9	3.32	11.5	16.5	12.7	10.6	6.15
	Fatty acid [% Σ FAME]
	C16:0	5.78	6.26	5.88	5.97^c	4.97	4.93	4.95^d	5.91	5.87	8.19	6.65^b	10.43	9.17	32.1^†	6.97	6.56	10.50	9.61	9.19
	C16:1	0.00	0.02	0.09	0.03^c	0.01	0.00	0.01^c	0.02	0.00	0.14	0.05^c	0.10	0.16	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.04	0.05
	C17iso	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00^c	0.00	0.00	0.00^c	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00^c	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	C18:0	2.66^2,3	2.86^2,3	2.42^2,3	2.64^a	2.03³	2.26²	2.14^a	1.28	1.52	1.45	1.42^b	3.49^2,3	3.75²	6.34¹	3.39^2,3	3.45^2,3	2.11³	3.15^2,3	2.78^2,3
n-9	C18:1c9	12.3	13.0	12.0	12.4^e	13.0	15.4	14.2^d	30.6³	35.2²	38.4¹	34.7^a	38.1¹	37.1¹	27.6	17.1	10.3	24.2	17.6	13.1^b
	C18:1c11	0.46	0.49	0.62	0.52^d	0.42	0.46	0.44^e	0.49	0.58	0.83	0.63^c	0.50	0.72	1.72¹	0.49	0.38	0.72	1.12³	0.77^b
n-6	C18:2c9,12	21.0	20.6	18.6	20.0^c	24.1	24.7	24.4^b	30.8³	26.2	19.2	25.4^b	17.1	25.2	13.8	22.4	26.2	27.6	19.1	20.7^b
n-6	C18:3c6,9,12	11.6	10.5	8.51	10.2^b	12.1	10.8	11.4^a	8.17	6.59	2.41	5.72^c	5.67	6.35	4.04	9.94	17.3¹	11.1	13.1³	16.6²
n-3	C18:3c9,12,15	34.4	34.7	40.9¹	36.6^a	38.1²	36.5³	37.3^a	3.36	5.15	6.72	5.08^d	5.46	8.10	6.53	29.7	25.4	13.1	28.4	28.6
n-3	C18:4c6,9,12,15	11.1¹	10.6²	9.86³	10.5^a	3.91	3.46	3.69^d	1.61	2.09	1.26	1.66^e	1.95	2.19	1.67	7.51	8.44	2.64	5.42	6.14
	C20:0	0.00	0.02	0.03	0.02^d	0.05	0.04	0.04^d	0.55²	0.47³	0.31	0.44^a	0.82¹	0.46³	0.56²	0.17	0.15	0.25	0.00	0.12
	C20:1c11	0.68	0.68	0.65	0.67^b	0.76	0.89	0.82^b	5.66²	6.07¹	4.89	5.54^a	5.26³	4.29	3.20	1.32	1.08	3.96	1.71	1.08
	C22:0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00^d	0.01	0.00	0.01^d	0.68²	0.52³	0.45	0.55^a	1.37¹	0.24	0.06	0.15	0.03	0.27	0.00	0.02
	C22:1c13	0.00	0.10	0.10	0.07^c	0.11	0.16	0.13^b	8.08²	7.03³	12.2¹	9.10^a	7.45	1.05	1.04	0.50	0.32	2.71	0.34	0.18
	C24:0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00^b	0.00	0.00	0.00^b	0.09	0.00	0.00	0.03^b	0.13³	0.03	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.07
	C24:1c15	0.00	0.01	0.04	0.02^b	0.02	0.04	0.03^b	2.47³	2.68²	3.56¹	2.90^a	1.61	0.71	1.12	0.27	0.23	0.59	0.30	0.14

	Σ SFA	8.50	9.25	8.42	8.72^b	7.09	7.23	7.16^c	8.50	8.38	10.40	9.09^b	16.41²	14.14³	39.26¹	10.67	10.19	13.12	12.76	12.30
	Σ MUFA	13.4	14.3	13.5	13.8^e	14.5	17.2	15.9^d	47.3³	51.5²	60.0¹	53.0^a	53.1²	44.0	34.7	19.9	12.3	32.3	21.3	15.5
	Σ PUFA	78.0¹	76.3¹	77.8¹	77.4^a	78.2¹	75.5^2,3	76.9^a	44.0	40.1	29.6	37.9^d	30.1	41.8	26.0	69.5	77.5¹	54.6	66.0	72.1³
	Σ n-3	45.5²	45.2²	50.7¹	47.1^a	42.0³	40.0	41.0^b	4.98	7.25	7.98	6.77^e	7.41	10.30	8.20	37.2	33.8	15.8	33.8	34.8
	Σ n-6	32.5	31.1	27.1	30.2^d	36.2³	35.5	35.9^a,b	39.1^2,3	32.8	21.6	31.2^d	22.7	31.5	17.8	32.3	43.7¹	38.8^2,3	32.2	37.3^2,3
	n-6/n-3	0.71	0.69	0.53	0.65^d	0.86	0.89	0.88^d	7.85¹	4.53²	2.71	5.03^a	3.07	3.06	2.17	0.87	1.29	2.46	0.95	1.07

^a,b,c,d,e Means with different superscript letters indicate differences between genera (^a highest value of a genus, post-hoc Scheffé-test, P < 0.05).

^1,2,3 Means with different superscript numbers indicate differences between species (¹ highest value of a species, post-hoc Scheffé-test P < 0.05; for a better overview the comparison between different species is given only up to the third ^[3] highest value).

^†

Significantly highest value compared to all other values in this row.

^§

B. purpureocaerulea L. synonym Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum L.