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. 2012 Jun-Jul;17(6):317–321.

TABLE 4.

Levels of Evidence and Strength of Recommendations (5960)

Level of evidence Description
I Evidence obtained from at least one properly randomized trial
II-1 Evidence obtained from a well-designed controlled trial without randomization
II-2 Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case controlled analytic studies, preferably from more than one centre of research
II-3 Evidence obtained from comparisons between times and places, with or without the intervention. Dramatic results in uncontrolled experiments could also be included in this category
III Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies or reports of expert committees
Recommendations for preventive measures
A There is good evidence to support this recommendation
B There is fair evidence to support this recommendation
C There is poor evidence to support this recommendation, but a recommendation could be made on other grounds
D There is fair evidence to support the recommendation of exclusion
E There is good evidence to support the recommendation of exclusion