Figure 3.

Neural substrates of context-specific variation in conflict processing. A, Group-averaged T-map (p < 0.05, corrected) depicting activation associated with context-specific variation in conflict processing (interference_{high-conflict context} > interference_{low-conflict context}) is plotted on a 3-D rendering of an individual brain normalized to the MNI template. dPM, dorsal premotor cortex. mSPL activation of comparable intensity was evident in the left hemisphere at an uncorrected extent threshold (x −12, y −58, z 62; T_max = 4.16; 71 voxels; data not shown). B, Group mean activation in the left dPM, right mSPL, and left mSPL (β estimates ± SEM) is plotted for congruent and incongruent trials as a function of conflict frequency context, illustrating the critical interactions in each region: all F_(1,24) > 10.6; all p < 0.005. C, Regions identified by the behaviorally informed context × congruency regression analysis are plotted (yellow) together with the results of the conventional interaction analysis (red) at p < 0.05 (corrected) on axial (z 64) and coronal (y −48) slices of an individual brain. The orange region represents the conjunction of the two effects. Brain–behavior relationships were also evident in the left mSPL at a slightly more lenient extent threshold (x −16, y −56, z 72; T_max = 4.26; 153 voxels). D, Correlation between individual mean levels of BOLD activity (z-normalized β estimates) in the right and left mSPL associated with contextual variation in conflict processing (calculated as the difference between in interference effects in the high-conflict versus low-conflict contexts, i.e., interference_{high-conflict context} − interference_{low-conflict context}) and the individual z-normalized behavioral context-specific interference effect scores (interference_{low-conflict context} − interference_{high-conflict context}). Each point corresponds to the values from one participant.