Table 1.
Maternal and neonatal characteristics in relation to instrumental vaginal delivery and caesarean section. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
|
Original cohort
|
Cohort at three years after delivery
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaginal delivery (n=184) | Caesarean section (n=209) | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Vaginal delivery (n=133) | Caesarean section (n=150) | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | |
| Nulliparous | 144 (78) | 165 (79) | 0.96 (0.59 to 1.56) | 103 (77.4) | 114 (76.0) | 1.08 (0.62 to 1.88) |
| Maternal age >35 years | 25 (14) | 19 (9) | 1.57 (0.84 to 2.96) | 17 (12.8) | 16 (10.7) | 1.23 (0.59 to 2.54) |
| Non-white | 13 (7) | 10 (5) | 1.51 (0.65 to 3.54) | 6 (4.5) | 10 (6.7) | 0.66 (0.23 to 1.87) |
| Social class I and II | 84 (46) | 90 (43) | 1.11 (0.75 to 1.66) | 64 (48.1) | 64 (42.7) | 1.25 (0.78 to 1.99) |
| Body mass index >30 | 13 (7) | 31 (15) | 0.44 (0.22 to 0.86)* | 11 (8.3) | 23 (15.3) | 0.50 (0.23 to 1.06) |
| Previous caesarean section | 11 (6) | 15 (7) | 0.82 (0.37 to 1.84) | 8 (6.0) | 12 (8.0) | 0.74 (0.29 to 1.86) |
| Previous difficult delivery† | 9 (5) | 12 (6) | 0.84 (0.35 to 2.05) | 7 (5.3) | 10 (6.7) | 0.78 (0.29 to 2.10) |
| Pre-eclampsia‡ | 7 (4) | 19 (9) | 0.40 (0.16 to 0.96)* | 4 (3.4) | 15 (10.0) | 0.28 (0.09 to 0.86)* |
| Intrauterine growth retardation§ | 11 (6) | 8 (4) | 1.58 (0.62 to 4.02) | 10 (7.5) | 6 (4.0) | 1.95 (0.69 to 5.52) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (1) | 5 (2) | 0.22 (0.03 to 1.93) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.3) | 0.56 (0.05 to 6.25) |
| Induction of labour | 52 (28) | 78 (37) | 0.66 (0.43 to 1.01) | 44 (33.1) | 60 (40.0) | 0.74 (0.46 to 1.21) |
| Augmentation of labour | 106 (58) | 108 (52) | 1.27 (0.85 to 1.89) | 77 (57.9) | 75 (50.0) | 1.38 (0.86 to 2.20) |
| Male | 111 (60) | 117 (56) | 1.20 (0.80 to 1.79) | 80 (60.2) | 95 (63.3) | 0.87 (0.54 to 1.41) |
| Neonatal trauma | 40 (22) | 19 (9) | 2.78 (1.54 to 5.00)* | 31 (23.3) | 16 (10.7) | 2.55 (1.32 to 4.91)* |
| Admission to neonatal intensive care unit | 10 (5) | 24 (11) | 0.44 (0.21 to 0.95)* | 9 (6.8) | 14 (9.3) | 0.71 (0.30 to 1.69) |
| Estimated blood loss > 1000 ml | 6 (3) | 20 (10) | 0.32 (0.13 to 0.81)* | 3 (2.3) | 16 (10.7) | 0.19 (0.06 to 0.68)* |
| Prolonged hospital stay (>5 days) | 10 (5) | 33 (16) | 0.31 (0.15 to 0.64)* | 9 (6.8) | 24 (16.0) | 0.38 (0.17 to 0.85)* |
*
P< 0.05.
†
Shoulder dystocia, rotational instrumental delivery, third degree tear, or postpartum haemorrhage.
‡
Blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg on at least two occasions and proteinuria >0.3 g in 24 hours.
§
Intrauterine growth restriction—abdominal circumference <10th centile for gestation on scan.