Table 2.
Epidural analgesia, mode of delivery, and secondary outcomes among nulliparous women with dystocia allocated to labour in a birth pool or standard augmentation (amniotomy and intravenous oxytocin). Values are numbers (percentages) of women unless otherwise indicated
| Outcomes | Labour in water (n=49) | Augmentation (n=50) | Relative risk (95% CI) | Number needed to treat to benefit one woman (NNTB) (95% CI) | Pearson χ2 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epidural analgesia: | |||||
| At first stage of labour | 21 (43) | 30 (60) | |||
| At second stage of labour | 2 (4) | 3 (6) | |||
| At any stage of labour | 23 (47) | 33 (66) | 0.71 (0.49 to 1.01) | 5 (3 to ∞ to NNTH −212) | 0.056 |
| Mode of delivery: | |||||
| Normal | 25 (51) | 25 (50) | |||
| Ventouse | 12 (25) | 10 (20) | |||
| Forceps | 4 (8) | 4 (8) | |||
| Caesarean section | 8 (16) | 11 (22) | |||
| Any operative delivery | 24 (49) | 25 (50) | 0.98 (0.65 to 1.47) | 98 (3 to ∞ to NNTH −5) | 0.919 |
| Method of augmentation: | |||||
| Amniotomy | 28 (57) | 37 (74) | |||
| Amniotomy alone | 14 (29) | 20 (40) | |||
| Oxytocin | 21 (43) | 28 (56) | |||
| Oxytocin alone | 7 (14) | 11 (22) | |||
| Amniotomy and oxytocin | 14 (29) | 17 (34) | |||
| Amniotomy or oxytocin, or both | 35 (71) | 48 (96) | 0.74 (0.59 to 0.88) | 4 (3 to 9) | 0.001 |
| Any obstetric intervention* | 39 (80) | 49 (98) | 0.81 (0.67 to 0.92) | 5 (3 to 14) | 0.004 |
NNTH=Number needed to treat to harm one woman.
*
Amniotomy, oxytocin, epidural analgesia, or operative delivery.