Table 2.
Univariate analysis of risk factors of PR (n = 1222)
| Parameter | All | NPR group | PR group | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1222) | (n = 1186) | (n = 36) | ||
| Age (year), mean ± SD | 54.0 ± 10.2 | 54.0 ± 10.2 | 51.0 ± 10.3 | 0.545 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 977 (80.0%) | 946 (79.7%) | 31 (86.1%) | 0.349 |
| Female | 245 (20.0%) | 240 (20.2%) | 5 (13.9%) | |
| Cause of HCC | ||||
| Chronic hepatitis B | 940 (78.2%) | 913 (78.4%) | 26 (72.2%) | 0.883 |
| Chronic hepatitis C | 62 (5.2%) | 60 (5.1%) | 2 (5.6%) | |
| Other (alcoholic liver disease, etc.) | 200 (21.5%) | 192 (16.5%) | 8 (22.2%) | |
| History of ruptured HCC | 14 (1.2%) | 12 (1.0%) | 2 (5.6%) | 0.012* |
| Treatment before hepatectomy | 198 (16.2%) | 189 (15.9%) | 9 (25.0%) | 0.426 |
| TACE | 165 (83.3%) | 158 (83.6%) | 7 (77.8%) | 0.879 |
| RFA | 18 (9.1%) | 17 (9.0%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
| Both RFA and TACE | 15 (7.6%) | 14 (7.4%) | 1 (11.1%) | |
| Method of surgical access | ||||
| Open | 1143 (93.8%) | 1110 (93.8%) | 33 (91.7%) | 0.138 |
| Laparoscopic | 70 (5.7%) | 68 (5.7%) | 2 (5.6%) | |
| Laparoscopic converted to open | 6 (0.5%) | 5 (0.4%) | 1 (2.8%) | |
| Types of hepatectomy | ||||
| Nonanatomic resection | 573 (46.9%) | 562 (47.4%) | 11 (30.6%) | 0.046* |
| Anatomic resection | 649 (53.1%) | 624 (52.6%) | 25 (69.4%) | |
| Right hemihepatectomy | 251 (20.5%) | 238 (20.1%) | 13 (36.1%) | 0.051 |
| Left hemihepatectomy | 3 (0.2%) | 2 (0.2%) | 1 (2.8%) | |
| Posterior sectionectomy | 125 (10.2%) | 121 (10.2%) | 4 (11.1%) | |
| Anterior sectionectomy | 21 (1.7%) | 20 (1.7%) | 1 (2.8%) | |
| Extended right hepatectomy | 30 (2.5%) | 29 (2.4%) | 1 (2.8%) | |
| Extended left hepatectomy | 20 (1.6%) | 20 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Left lateral sectionectomy | 137 (11.2%) | 134 (11.3%) | 3 (8.3%) | |
| Anatomic monosegmentectomy | 13 (1.1%) | 13 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Central hepatectomy | 49 (4.0%) | 47 (4.0%) | 2 (5.6%) | |
| Bisegmentectomy | 67 (5.5%) | 65 (5.5%) | 2 (5.6%) | |
| Subsegmentectomy | 506 (41.4%) | 497 (41.9%) | 9 (25.0%) | |
| Preoperative blood parameters | ||||
| Prehepatectomy AFP level, mean ± SD | 5759.3 ± 64351.8 | 5391.8 ± 64691.7 | 17785.8 ± 51292.2 | 0.186 |
| AFP ≤ 400 ng/ml | 922 (75.9%) | 898 (76.2%) | 24 (66.7%0 | 0.189 |
| AFP > 400 ng/ml | 293 (24.1%) | 281 (23.8%) | 12 (33.3%) | |
| Prehepatectomy PIVKA-II level, mean ± SD | 209.3 ± 306.2 | 209.8 ± 307.2 | 192.5 ± 267.8 | 0.888 |
| Size of HCC at hepatectomy, mm, median (range) | 35.0 (2.0–210.0) | 35.0 (2.0–210.0) | 45.5 (13.0–170.0) | 0.001* |
| Stratification of size of HCC | ||||
| Tumor ≤ 50 mm | 892 (73.0%) | 871 (73.4%) | 21 (58.3%) | 0.002* |
| Tumor > 50 mm | 330 (27.0%) | 315 (26.6%) | 15 (41.7%) | |
| Edmonson grade | ||||
| I and II | 1095 (91.6%) | 1064 (91.5%) | 31 (93.9%) | 0.617 |
| III and IV | 101 (8.4%) | 99 (8.5%) | 2 (6.1%) | |
| T stage of HCC | ||||
| T1 and T2 | 963 (80.8%) | 943 (81.3%) | 20 (62.5%) | 0.008* |
| T3 and T4 | 229 (19.2%) | 217 (19.7%) | 12 (37.5%) | |
| Combined HCC and IHCC | 38 (3.1%) | 35 (3.0%) | 3 (8.3%) | 0.067 |
| Invasion/involvement | ||||
| Tumor capsule involvement | 1024 (85.4%) | 995 (85.4%) | 29 (85.3%) | 0.985 |
| Microvascular invasion | 645 (52.8%) | 618 (52.1%) | 27 (75.0%) | 0.007* |
| Bile duct invasion | 35 (2.9%) | 31 (2.7%) | 4 (11.8%) | 0.002* |
| Portal vein invasion | 90 (7.5%) | 84 (7.2%) | 6 (17.6%) | 0.022* |
| Serosal involvement | 15 (1.3%) | 13 (1.1%) | 2 (5.9%) | 0.014* |
| Intrahepatic metastasis | 165 (13.7%) | 158 (13.5%) | 7 (20.6%) | 0.238 |
| Multicentric occurrence | 59 (4.9%) | 58 (5.0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0.590 |
| Totally necrotic nodule | 21 (1.7%) | 18 (1.5%) | 3 (8.3%) | 0.002* |
| Resection margin, mm, median (range) | 10.0 (0.0–80.0) | 10.0 (0.0–80.0) | 8.0 (0.0–45.0) | 0.360 |
| Resection | ||||
| R0 | 1183 (97.7%) | 1152 (98.0%) | 31 (88.6%) | <0.001* |
| R1 | 28 (2.3%) | 24 (2.0%) | 4 (11.4%) | |
TACE transarterial chemoembolization, RFA radiofrequency ablation, IHCC intrahepatic cholangiocacinoma
* Statistically significant at P < 0.05