Table 2. Characteristics of hospitalized pandemic (H1N1) 2009 case-patients, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2009*.
| Characteristic |
Outcome, no. (%) case-patients |
|
Unadjusted |
|
Adjusted† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Died |
Survived |
OR (95% CI) |
p value |
OR (95% CI) |
p value |
|||
| Demographic | ||||||||
| Male sex | 30 (58) | 48 (46) | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) | 0.16 | NC | NC | ||
| Current smoker | 15 (30) | 19 (21) | 1.6 (0.7–3.6) | 0.21 | NC | NC | ||
| Former smoker |
4 (8) |
15 (18) |
|
0.4 (0.1–1.3) |
0.13 |
|
NC |
NC |
| Underlying medical condition‡ | 30 (58) | 57 (54) | 1.1 (0.6–2.2) | 0.69 | NC | NC | ||
| Diabetes | 14 (27) | 9 (9) | 3.9 (1.6–9.8) | 0.01 | 4.4 (1.5–12.8) | <0.01 | ||
| Chronic lung disease | 9 (19) | 14 (18) | 1.1 (0.4–2.7) | 0.87 | NC | NC | ||
| Immunosuppression | 2 (4) | 9 (12) | 0.3 (0.1–1.7) | 0.14 | NC | NC | ||
| Chronic cardiovascular disease | 5 (11) | 3 (4) | 3.0 (0.7–13.1) | 0.13 | NC | NC | ||
| Chronic renal disease | 1 (2) | 5 (6) | 0.3 (0.1–2.8) | 0.27 | NC | NC | ||
| Pregnancy§ | 5 (28) | 10 (24) | 1.2 (0.3–4.2) | 0.51 | NC | NC | ||
| Age <5 y | 2 (4) | 14 (13) | 0.3 (0.1–1.2) | 0.06 | NC | NC | ||
| Age >60 y |
4 (8) |
3 (3) |
|
2.8 (0.6–13.2) |
0.17 |
|
NC |
NC |
| Class III obesity¶ |
26 (57) |
27 (29) |
|
5.3 (1.3–21.7) |
<0.01 |
|
6.2 (1.3–29.2) |
0.02 |
| Oseltamivir treatment | 25 (48) | 64 (61) | 0.6 (0.3– 1.2) | 0.12 | NC | NC | ||
| Oseltamivir <48 h after symptom onset | 2 (12) | 12 (19) | 0.4 (0.1–1.8) | 0.18 | NC | NC | ||
| Steroid treatment | 32 (71) | 51 (57) | 0.5 (0.3–1.2) | 0.12 | NC | NC | ||
| Antimicrobial drug treatment | 99 (94) | 49 (94) | 1.0 (0.2–4.1) | 0.99 | NC | NC | ||
*OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NC, not calculated. †Adjusted for sex and age group (reference age 0–5 years). ‡Obesity excluded. §Women of reproductive age included (15–49 years). ¶Class III obesity was a body mass index >40 kg/m2. Patients <19 years of age and pregnant women were excluded.