Table 1.
Duration and fundamental frequency (f0) variables for main common roars of Iberian red deer stags (mean ± SD; min–max).
| Bout character | Roar position in bout | n calls | Duration, s | f0 mean, Hz | f0 min, Hz | f0 max, Hz | Δf0, Hz |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single-call bout | 246 | 2.04 ± 0.45 | 186.7 ± 27.8 | 104.9 ± 17.3 | 226.6 ± 35.6 | 121.7 ± 28.5 | |
| Two or more calls per bout | First call | 215 | 2.13 ± 0.47 | 189.0 ± 26.6 | 106.3 ± 17.1 | 228.2 ± 34.4 | 122.0 ± 31.0 |
| Intermediate call | 78 | 1.65 ± 0.40 | 183.3 ± 23.5 | 111.0 ± 14.3 | 211.9 ± 28.7 | 100.9 ± 27.5 | |
| Last call | 106 | 1.68 ± 0.47 | 180.1 ± 27.7 | 108.4 ± 17.8 | 210.0 ± 31.3 | 101.6 ± 23.0 | |
| Overall | 645 | 1.96 ± 0.49; 0.82–3.81 | 186.0 ± 27.0; 106.9–269.9 | 106.7 ± 17.1; 61.7–185.5 | 222.7 ± 34.5; 129.0–338.1 | 116.0 ± 29.8; 31.1–218.5 |