Appendix B.
Excluded studies (N= 31)
| First author (reference) | Country or continent and reason for exclusion: (1) not relevant topic (2) no rate or prevalence data, very sparse data, review without primary data (3) parallel other language publication, not possible to find or full-text retrieve (4) too old, <1990 | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| O’Dea JF (O’Dea et al. 1991) | Australia and New Zealand (1) | Questionnaire survey of ECT practice and attitudes to medical superintendents at hospitals. Frequency of unilateral versus bilateral electrode placement main aim. Sparse ECT utilization data |
| Galletly CA (Galletly et al. 1991) | South Australia (4) | Too old, use of ECT data at hospital in Adelaide from 1981 to 1985 (five years). [Decline in use over period due to reduction of ECT for patients with schizophrenia] |
| Gassy JE (Gassy and Rey 1990) | NSW, Australia (4) | Too old, a general hospital psychiatry unit use of ECT from April 1982 to December 1987 |
| Ikeji OC (Ikeji et al. 1999) | Nigeria (2) | A prospective open-label study of 70 unmodified ECT treated patients without rate or prevalence data |
| Odejide AO (Odejide et al. 1987) | Nigeria (4) | Sparse data from <1990, records from 1982 and1984 examined. Unmodified bilateral ECT. Modified ECT was tried in 1979, but found too expensive. Thirty percent of patients ECT treated in 1984 and average no. of ECTs six, range 1–19 |
| Okasha TA (Okasha 2007) | Egypt (2) | General article about ECT use, economic aspects, problems of training, ethical issues, and discrepancies between developed and developing countries in its application. No ECT utilization data |
| Alhamad AM (Alhamad and,al–Haidar 1999) | Saudi Arabia (3) | Parallel publication, same data presented as in other included reference by same author (Alhamad 1999) |
| Hermann RC (Hermann et al. 1999) | USA (1) | Retrospective study of ECT use among beneficiaries of a New England insurance company in 1994 and 1995 |
| Olfson M (Olfson et al. 1998) | USA, New York (1) | ECT use for general hospital in patients with only recurrent major depression diagnoses and estimate of effect on prompt ECT on the length of stay and cost of inpatient care |
| Fink M (Fink and Kellner 2007) | USA (1) | General about ECT practice, no primary data |
| Eranti SV (Eranti and McLoughlin 2003) | UK, USA (2) | Editorial article state of the art, no primary data |
| Thompson JW (Thompson et al. 1994) | USA (4) | Too old, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) data, ECT-treated patients in 1975, 1980, and 1986, focusing on data from 1980 and 1986 |
| Levav I (Levav and Gonzalez 1998) | Latin America (3) | Parallel publication in English, replication of primary data presented in earlier study/ publication in 1996 (Levav and Gonzalez 1996) |
| Glen T (Glen and Scott 2000) | Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (1) | Calculated annual and aggregate rates of ECT use by consultant teams, not relevant |
| Fergusson G (Fergusson et al. 2003) | Scotland (3) | Parallel publication, same data presented in included 2004 publication (Fergusson et al. 2004), by same first author |
| Berg JE (Berg 2009) | Diverse countries in three continents (2) | Report from visiting 14 diverse hospitals in three continents about ECT practice. ECT data unclear, insufficient and no overall ECT utilization country-specific data |
| Gazdag G (Gazdag et al. 2009b) | Hungary (2) | To analyze the referral practice of patients for ECT, no rate or prevalence data |
| Lucca AM (Lucca et al. 2010) | Milan, Italy (2) | Letter to editor about 33 patients receiving ECT, insufficient ECT utilization data |
| Stromgren LS (Stromgren 1991) | Nordic countries: Denmark, Norway Sweden, Iceland (4) | Too old, use of ECT survey in the Nordic countries, from1977–1987 |
| Frederiksen SO (Frederiksen and d’Elia 1979) | Sweden (4) | Too old, ECT survey data in 1975 |
| Kornhuber J (Kornhuber and Weller 1995) | Germany (3) | Not possible to full-text retrieve |
| Sienaert P (Sienaert et al. 2005b) | Flanders and Brussels Capital Region (3) | Parallel publication in Dutch language to already included study (Sienaert et al. 2005a) |
| Gazdag G (Gazdag et al. 2004b) | Hungary (3) | Parallel publication in Hungarian language to already included study (Gazdag et al. 2004a) |
| Palinska D (Palinska et al. 2008) | Poland (3) | Polish language and ECT utilization in Poland of later date by Gazdag G (Gazdag et al. 2009a) included |
| Latey RH (Latey and Fahy 1985) | Ireland (4) | Too old, ECT survey data from 1982 |
| Baudis P (Baudis 1992) | Czech Republic (4) | Too old, ECT survey data from 1981 to 1989 |
| Agarwal AK (Agarwal et al. 1992) | India (2) | About issues relating to administration of ECT, no ECT utilization data |
| Andrade C (Andrade et al. 1993) | India (2) | About practical administration of ECT, no ECT utilization data |
| Chanpattana WM (Chanpattana 2010) | Thailand (2) | Review article, not a primary study with data |
| Takebayashi M (Takebayashi 2010) | Japan (2) | Review article about history of the practice and guidelines of ECT in Japan |
| Kramer BA (Kramer, Hsin-Tung 1990) | Asia (China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand) (4) | Too old survey of ECT use in 28 institutions from 11 Asian countries, unclear time period before 1990. (Unmodified ECT always used at 12 institutions) |