Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics and cognitive baseline scores for healthy controls and patient groups for the standard, lateralization analysis (posterior and frontal) and the finer-grained analysis
| Healthy controls | Posterior patients | Frontal patients |
Frontal sub-groups |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 12 | Left | Right | LL | RL | SM | ||
| n = 35 | n = 20 | n = 18 | n = 22 | n = 10 | n = 8 | ||
| Sex (M:F) | 18:17 | 10:10 | 14:4 | 11:11 | 8:2 | 3:5 | 6:6 |
| Mean lesion extent (no. frontal areas) | – | – | 4.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.3 |
| (2.8) | (2.0) | (2.2) | (1.9) | (1.8) | |||
| Mean age | 47.8 | 54.1 | 42.3 | 55.4**a | 45.0 | 47.9 | 48.3 |
| (15.5) | (9.9) | (9.0) | (15.2) | (10.2) | (17.2) | (12.5) | |
| Mean NARTb-derived premorbid IQ | 109.5 | 109.6 | 101.1 | 104.3 | 104.8 | 108.1 | 100.3 |
| (12.4) | (9.7) | (14.5) | (13.6) | (13.2) | (9.7) | (14.9) | |
| Advanced Progressive Matricesc (/12) | 7.6 | 7.3 | 8.2 | 6.1 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 7.7 |
| (3.0) | (2.4) | (2.3) | (2.8) | (2.6) | (2.4) | (3.1) | |
| Recognition Memory Testd Words (/50) | 45e | 44.7 | 46.4 | 44.2 | 46.8 | 46.1 | 46.3 |
| (4.7) | (3.3) | (5.7) | (3.1) | (2.7) | (3.6) | ||
| Recognition Memory Testd Faces (/50) | 44e | 41.1 | 43.1 | 37.7*a | 42.6 | 39.4 | 40.5 |
| (6.0) | (3.5) | (6.8) | (3.7) | (5.3) | (5.2) | ||
| Incomplete Letters Testf(/20) | 19.9 | 19.3** | 19.8 | 19.3* | 19.8 | 19.4 | 19.8 |
| (0.4) | (0.9) | (0.6) | (0.8) | (0.4) | (0.5) | (0.5) | |
| Graded Naming Testg (/30) | 22.3 | 17.8* | 17.9 | 18.9 | 19.2 | 20.9 | 20.5 |
| (4.9) | (7.4) | (4.8) | (5.9) | (5.2) | (5.2) | (3.9) | |
| Synonyms Testh (/50) | 43.1 | 43.4 | 36.9* | 41.5 | 39.0 | 41.8 | 39.4 |
| (6.8) | (5.2) | (7.6) | (6.8) | (6.0) | (4.9) | (7.3) | |
| Hayling overall scorei,j | 6.2 | 5.5 | 4.3** | 3.6*** | 4.0*** | 3.4** | 4.8* |
| (1.1) | (1.4) | (2.1) | (2.0) | (1.8) | (2.3) | (1.9) | |
Frontal patients total n = 47; LL = left lateral; RL = right lateral; SM = superior medial.
acompared with the left frontal patients.
bNART = National Adult Reading Test (Nelson and Willison, 1991).
estandardized sample 50th percentile (40–54 years) and healthy controls not included in statistical analysis.
jscaled score is 1–10, 6 is average; Scores with significant P - values are in bold; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, compared with healthy controls.