Table 2.
Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals according to category of coffee, tea and soda intake and glioma risk
| Beverage | Quantity of intakea | Ptrend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee (cups/day): | None | >0 to <1 | 1 | 2 to 3 | 4 to 5 | ≥6 | |
|
|
|||||||
| Number of cases | 93 | 127 | 151 | 409 | 87 | 34 | |
| Number of participants | 55,538 | 89,881 | 90,370 | 222,209 | 65,089 | 19,919 | |
| Base multivariate HRb | 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.96 | 1.02 | 0.73 | 0.95 | .60 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.63–1.08 | 0.74–1.24 | 0.81–1.27 | 0.55–0.98 | 0.64–1.41 | |
| Full multivariate HRc | 1.00 | 0.82 | 0.96 | 1.04 | 0.77 | 1.04 | .91 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.62–1.07 | 0.74–1.24 | 0.83–1.30 | 0.57–1.03 | 0.70–1.55 | |
| Tea (cups/day): | None | >0 to ≤0.5 | >0.5 to ≤1 | >1 to ≤2 | >2 to ≤3 | >3 | |
|
|
|||||||
| Number of cases | 106 | 298 | 169 | 88 | 147 | 91 | |
| Number of participants | 54,480 | 186,191 | 97,439 | 56,750 | 79,150 | 65,431 | |
| Base multivariate HRb | 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.90 | 0.82 | 0.96 | 0.75 | .24 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.66–1.03 | 0.70–1.15 | 0.62–1.09 | 0.75–1.23 | 0.57–0.99 | |
| Full multivariate HRc | 1.00 | 0.81 | 0.88 | 0.80 | 0.96 | 0.75 | .35 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.65–1.02 | 0.69–1.12 | 0.60–1.06 | 0.74–1.23 | 0.57–1.00 | |
| Total coffee plus tea (cups/day): | None | >0 to ≤1 | >1 to ≤2 | >2 to ≤3 | >3 to ≤5 | >5 | |
|
|
|||||||
| Number of cases | 27 | 105 | 109 | 213 | 265 | 177 | |
| Number of participants | 11,622 | 67,154 | 73,728 | 127,998 | 143,443 | 113,832 | |
| Base multivariate HRb | 1.00 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.65 | .22 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.44–1.04 | 0.41–0.96 | 0.46–1.02 | 0.51–1.13 | 0.43–0.97 | |
| Full multivariate HRc | 1.00 | 0.67 | 0.63 | .70 | 0.78 | 0.68 | .55 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.44–1.03 | 0.41–0.95 | 0.47–1.04 | 0.52–1.16 | 0.46–1.03 | |
| Soda (cans/day): | None | >0 to ≤0.1 | >0.1 to ≤0.5 | >0.5 to ≤1 | >1 to ≤2 | > 2 | |
|
|
|||||||
| Number of cases | 102 | 249 | 213 | 121 | 92 | 105 | |
| Number of participants | 53,336 | 150,351 | 130,923 | 71,767 | 63,186 | 65,369 | |
| Base multivariate HRb | 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 0.80 | .92 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.66–1.05 | 0.63–1.01 | 0.62–1.06 | 0.55–0.96 | 0.61–1.06 | |
| Full multivariate HRc | 1.00 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.76 | 0.87 | .53 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.66–1.05 | 0.63–1.02 | 0.65–1.10 | 0.57–1.01 | 0.65–1.15 | |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval
a
Multivariate models included a category for those missing information on the quantity of beverage intake; the number of missing values for coffee was 2,765 (0.5%); for tea, 6,330 (1.2%); for total coffee plus tea, 7,994 (1.5%); and for soda, 10,839 (2.0%).
b
Adjusted for age, sex and race/ethnicity
c
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, energy intake, height, fruit and vegetable intake, and nitrite intake from plant sources