Table 1.

Loci and Genes Associated with Pulse Pressure, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure and Hypertension

Study	Race-ethnicity/country	Genotyping Platform	Traits	Discovery
FBPP1	AA (n=3962)/Whites (n=3667)/Hispanics (n=1612)/Asian(n=1557) U.S.	Genome-wide linkage	Pulse pressure	chromosome 7 at 75 cM, LOD 3.1 in AA, chromosome 19 at 0 cM LOD 3.1 in combined sample whites and AA, and a region on chromosome 18 at 71 cM LOD score of 3.2 in whites, AA, and Hispanics.
FBPP2	AA (n=3962)/Whites (n=3667)/Hispanics (n=1612)/Asian(n=2154): U.S.	Genome-wide linkage, race-specific meta- analyses	Pulse pressure	chromosome 6, 42.27 cM LOD 3.76 Raw PP, LOD 3.23 Medication adjusted PP, (META): chromosome 1 212.44 LOD 2.82 Raw PP, LOD 3.16 Medication adjusted PP, HyperGEN)
HyperGEN3	AA(n=1251) U.S.	Genome Scan	Pulse Pressure	Chromosome 1, 215 cM, LOD 3.08, Chromosome 14, 85 cM, LOD 2.42
Howard University Family Study4	AA (n=1017) U.S. 2nd cohort of 980 West Africans	GWAS Affymetrix 6.0	Systolic BP	rs5743185, rs16877320, rs11160059, rs17365948, rs12279202, rs3751664
FBPP5	AA (n=737) (cases) European Americans (n=573)(controls)	microsatellite markers and a set of informative SNPs: Admixture mapping	hypertension	5 markers on chromosome 6q (near region 6q24); 2 markers on chromosome 21 (near region 21q21) may contain genes influencing risk of hypertension in AA
Dallas Heart Study6	AA (n=1743), White (n=1000), Mexican American (n=581)	Admixture mapping 2,270 ancestral informative markers	Hypertension	rs2272996
CARe7	AA (n=8591), replication Cohorts: Women’s Health Initiative; Maywood, GENOA, Howard University Family Study, native Nigerian African Sample (n=11,882)	GWAS Affymetrix 6.0 50K Cardiovascular gene-centric array	Systolic and diastolic blood pressure	none of the top SNPs replicated
CARe8	AA (n=6303), replication Cohorts: Women’s Health Initiative, Maywood, GENOA, Howard University Family Study, native Nigerian African Sample (n=11,882)	admixture mapping follow up association	Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure	rs7726475 between genes SUB1 and NPR3
International Consortium for Blood Pressure Association Studies9	AA (n=19,775), Europeans (n=200,000), East Asians (n=29,719), South Asians	GWAS Meta-analysis	Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure, Hypertension	rs13082711 (SLC4A7) (SBP/DBP); rs419076 (MECOM), (SBP); rs13107325 (SLC39A8) (SBP/DBP); rs13139571 (GUCY1A3-GUCY1B3) (SBP/DBP); rs1173771 (NPR3-C5orf23) (SBP); rs11953630 (EBF1) (SBP/DBP); rs805303 (BAT2-BAT5) (DBP); rs7129220 (ADM) (SBP/DBP); rs633185 (FLJ32810/TMEM133) (SBP); rs2521501 (FURIN- FES) (SBP/DBP); rs17608766 (GOSR2) (SBP/DBP); rs1327235 (JAG1) (SBP/DBP); rs6015450 (GNAS-EDN3) (SBP/DBP); rs17367504 (MTHFR-NPPB) (SBP/DBP); rs3774372 (ULK4) (SBP/DBP); rs1458038 (FGF5) (SBP/DBP); rs1813353 (CACNB2(3’) (SBP/DBP); rs11191548 (CYP17A1-NT5C2) (SBP/DBP); rs381815 (PLEKHA7) (SBP/DBP); rs3184504 (SH2B3) (SBP/DBP); rs1378942 (CYP1A1-ULK3) (SBP): rs12940887 (ZNF652) (SBP/DBP)

¹Bielinski SJ, Lynch AI, Miller MB, Weder A, Cooper R, Oberman A, Chen YD, Turner ST, Fornage M, Province M, Arnett DK. Genome-wide linkage analysis for loci affecting pulse pressure: The family blood pressure program. Hypertension. 2005;46:1286–1293

²Simino J, Shi G, Kume R, Schwander K, Province MA, Gu CC, Kardia S, Chakravarti A, Ehret G, Olshen RA, Turner ST, Ho LT, Zhu X, Jaquish C, Paltoo D, Cooper RS, Weder A, Curb JD, Boerwinkle E, Hunt SC, Rao DC. Five blood pressure loci identified by an updated genome-wide linkage scan: Meta-analysis of the family blood pressure program. Am J Hypertens. 2011;24:347–354

³Sherva R, Miller MB, Lynch AI, Devereux RB, Rao DC, Oberman A, Hopkins PN, Kitzman DW, Atwood LD, Arnett DK. A whole genome scan for pulse pressure/stroke volume ratio in african americans: The hypergen study. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20:398–402

⁴Adeyemo A, Gerry N, Chen G, Herbert A, Doumatey A, Huang H, Zhou J, Lashley K, Chen Y, Christman M, Rotimi C. A genome-wide association study of hypertension and blood pressure in african americans. PLoS Genet. 2009;5:e1000564

⁵Zhu X, Luke A, Cooper RS, Quertermous T, Hanis C, Mosley T, Gu CC, Tang H, Rao DC, Risch N, Weder A. Admixture mapping for hypertension loci with genome-scan markers. Nat Genet. 2005;37:177–181

⁶Zhu X, Cooper RS. Admixture mapping provides evidence of association of the vnn1 gene with hypertension. PLoS One. 2007;2:e1244

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⁹Ehret GB, Munroe PB, Rice KM, Bochud M, Johnson AD, Chasman DI, Smith AV, Tobin MD, Verwoert GC, Hwang SJ, Pihur V, Vollenweider P, O'Reilly PF, Amin N, Bragg-Gresham JL, Teumer A, Glazer NL, Launer L, Zhao JH, Aulchenko Y, Heath S, Sober S, Parsa A, Luan J, Arora P, Dehghan A, Zhang F, Lucas G, Hicks AA, Jackson AU, Peden JF, Tanaka T, Wild SH, Rudan I, Igl W, Milaneschi Y, Parker AN, Fava C, Chambers JC, Fox ER, Kumari M, Go MJ, van der Harst P, Kao WH, Sjogren M, Vinay DG, Alexander M, Tabara Y, Shaw-Hawkins S, Whincup PH, Liu Y, Shi G, Kuusisto J, Tayo B, Seielstad M, Sim X, Nguyen KD, Lehtimaki T, Matullo G, Wu Y, Gaunt TR, Onland-Moret NC, Cooper MN, Platou CG, Org E, Hardy R, Dahgam S, Palmen J, Vitart V, Braund PS, Kuznetsova T, Uiterwaal CS, Adeyemo A, Palmas W, Campbell H, Ludwig B, Tomaszewski M, Tzoulaki I, Palmer ND, Aspelund T, Garcia M, Chang YP, O'Connell JR, Steinle NI, Grobbee DE, Arking DE, Kardia SL, Morrison AC, Hernandez D, Najjar S, McArdle WL, Hadley D, Brown MJ, Connell JM, Hingorani AD, Day IN, Lawlor DA, Beilby JP, Lawrence RW, Clarke R,Hopewell JC, Ongen H, Dreisbach AW, Li Y, Young JH, Bis JC, Kahonen M, Viikari J, Adair LS, Lee NR, Chen MH, Olden M, Pattaro C, Bolton JA, Kottgen A, Bergmann S, Mooser V, Chaturvedi N, Frayling TM, Islam M, Jafar TH, Erdmann J, Kulkarni SR, Bornstein SR, Grassler J, Groop L, Voight BF, Kettunen J, Howard P, Taylor A, Guarrera S, Ricceri F, Emilsson V, Plump A, Barroso I, Khaw KT, Weder AB, Hunt SC, Sun YV, Bergman RN, Collins FS, Bonnycastle LL, Scott LJ, Stringham HM, Peltonen L, Perola M, Vartiainen E, Brand SM, Staessen JA, Wang TJ, Burton PR, Artigas MS, Dong Y, Snieder H, Wang X, Zhu H, Lohman KK, Rudock ME, Heckbert SR, Smith NL, Wiggins KL, Doumatey A, Shriner D, Veldre G, Viigimaa M, Kinra S, Prabhakaran D, Tripathy V, Langefeld CD, Rosengren A, Thelle DS, Corsi AM, Singleton A, Forrester T, Hilton G, McKenzie CA, Salako T, Iwai N, Kita Y, Ogihara T, Ohkubo T, Okamura T, Ueshima H, Umemura S, Eyheramendy S, Meitinger T, Wichmann HE, Cho YS, Kim HL, Lee JY, Scott J, Sehmi JS, Zhang W, Hedblad B, Nilsson P, Smith GD, Wong A, Narisu N, Stancakova A, Raffel LJ, Yao J, Kathiresan S, O'Donnell CJ, Schwartz SM, Ikram MA, Longstreth WT, Jr., Mosley TH, Seshadri S, Shrine NR, Wain LV, Morken MA, Swift AJ, Laitinen J, Prokopenko I, Zitting P, Cooper JA, Humphries SE, Danesh J, Rasheed A, Goel A, Hamsten A, Watkins H, Bakker SJ, van Gilst WH, Janipalli CS, Mani KR, Yajnik CS, Hofman A, Mattace-Raso FU, Oostra BA, Demirkan A, Isaacs A, Rivadeneira F, Lakatta EG, Orru M, Scuteri A, Ala-Korpela M, Kangas AJ,Lyytikainen LP, Soininen P, Tukiainen T, Wurtz P, Ong RT, Dorr M, Kroemer HK, Volker U, Volzke H, Galan P, Hercberg S, Lathrop M, Zelenika D, Deloukas, Mangino M, Spector TD, Zhai G, Meschia JF, Nalls MA, Sharma P, Terzic J, Kumar MV, Denniff M, Zukowska-Szczechowska E, Wagenknecht LE, Fowkes FG, Charchar FJ, Schwarz PE, Hayward C, Guo X, Rotimi C, Bots ML, Brand E, Samani NJ, Polasek O, Talmud PJ, Nyberg F, Kuh D, Laan M, Hveem K, Palmer LJ, van der Schouw YT, Casas JP, Mohlke KL, Vineis P, Raitakari O, Ganesh SK, Wong TY, Tai ES, Cooper RS, Laakso M, Rao DC, Harris TB, Morris RW, Dominiczak AF, Kivimaki M, Marmot MG, Miki T, Saleheen D, Chandak GR, Coresh J, Navis G, Salomaa V, Han BG, Zhu X, Kooner JS, Melander O, Ridker PM, Bandinelli S, Gyllensten UB, Wright AF, Wilson JF, Ferrucci L, Farrall M, Tuomilehto J, Pramstaller PP, Elosua R, Soranzo N, Sijbrands EJ, Altshuler D, Loos RJ, Shuldiner AR, Gieger C, Meneton P, Uitterlinden AG, Wareham NJ, Gudnason V, Rotter JI, Rettig R, Uda M, Strachan DP, Witteman JC, Hartikainen AL, Beckmann JS, Boerwinkle E, Vasan RS, Boehnke M, Larson MG, Jarvelin MR, Psaty BM, Abecasis GR, Chakravarti A, Elliott P, van Duijn CM, Newton-Cheh C, Levy D, Caulfield MJ, Johnson T, Tang H, Knowles J, Hlatky M, Fortmann S, Assimes TL, Quertermous T, Go A, Iribarren C, Absher D, Risch N, Myers R, Sidney S, Ziegler A, Schillert A, Bickel C, 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