Table 1.
Aspects of barrier dysfunction in IBD
| Inflammatory bowel diseases | Cytokine profile | Epithelial resistance (Ω cm2) | Tight junction proteins | Other pathomechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crohn's disease (sigmoid colon) | TNFα, IFNγ (Th1) | 23 ± 3 (59% of control) (active, mild to moderate inflamed) | Claudin-2 ↑ | Epithelial apoptosis ↑ | Zeissig et al. 2007 |
| Occludin ↓ | |||||
| Claudin-3 ↓ | |||||
| Claudin-5 ↓ and redistributed | |||||
| Claudin-8 ↓ and redistributed | |||||
| Ulcerative colitis (sigmoid colon) | IL-13, TNFα (Th2) | 20 ± 3 (21% of control) (active, mild to moderate inflamed) | Claudin-2 ↑ | Epithelial apoptosis ↑ | Heller et al. 2005; Schmitz et al. 1999a; Krug et al. 2010 |
| Occludin ↓ | |||||
| Claudin-1 ↓ | Ulcerations | ||||
| Claudin-4 ↓ | Microerosions | ||||
| Tricellulin ↓ | |||||
| Collagenous colitis (sigmoid colon) (microscopic colitis) | TNFα, IFNγ (Th1) | 29 ± 2 (23% of control) (macroscopically normal) | Claudin-2 ↑ | Malabsorption | Burgel et al. 2002; Tagkalidis et al. 2007 |
| Claudin-4 ↓ | |||||
| Occludin ↓ |
Regulation: ↓ down, ↑ up.