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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 25.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul 23;32(9):402–411. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2011.06.006

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Activation of airway epithelial cells. The figure shows the various pattern recognition receptors that are expressed on epithelial cells that can bind HDM-associated or induced ligands, including β-glucans, ATP, proteases (Der p 1, 3, 6 and 9) and endotoxin. Expression of these receptors on sub-epithelial fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells and the receptors for the epithelium-derived cytokines TSLP, IL-25 and IL-33 are depicted.