Table 3.

Univariate Growth of Bad Relationship Quality and Delinquency in Childhood, Early Adolescence, and Middle Adolescence.

	Mean Level			Mean Change
Model	Age 7	Age 10	Age 13	Age 7–10	Age 10–13	Age 13–16
Offending (Multi-informant)	0.59	0.67	0.85	.00	.05**	−.02
Bad Relationship Quality (Child)	18.20	17.39	19.14	−.27**	.53***	.03
Bad Relationship Quality (Parent)	22.55	22.18	22.64	−.14*	.21***	−.09

Note. Using univariate growth models we estimated the level at age 7, 10 and 13 and linear change over each age period (positive slope values indicate an increase and negative values a decrease). Values represent unstandardized estimates. All mean levels (intercepts) were significant. The informant is indicated between parentheses. All models had adequate fit statistics: CFI ≥ .95; TLI ≥ .94; RMSEA ≤ .08. These univariate developmental changes are graphically displayed in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

^*p ≤ .05,

^**p ≤ .01,

^***p ≤ .001