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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2012 May 30;189(1):318–327. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103099

Figure 4. Effect of TLR inhibition on GdBCA induced upregulation of chemokine expression in normal differentiated human macrophages.

Figure 4

Differentiated normal human macrophages were preincubated for 2h with the TLR inhibitors chloroquine (300 nM) or IRAK1/4 inhibitor (10 μM) followed by 24 h incubation with 1mM Omniscan® (Omni), gadodiamide (gado) or ProHance® (ProHan) or with 0.05 mM caldiamide (Caldia). Expression levels of various chemokines were assessed by real time PCR. Values represent the mean (+/−SD) expression levels of three replicates of three separate experiments with macrophages differentiated from monocytes obtained from three different normal individuals. Note that the data are presented in a semilogarithmic scale. LPS (100 ng/mL) and TNFα (10 μg/mL) were used as positive controls for TLR4 and TNFα activation, respectively. C(t) values for cytokines were normalized with β-actin. The saline control levels were arbitrarily set at 100% expression at each time point. Statistical significance of changes in chemokine expression was calculated by comparing each Gd compound to the saline control. Statistical significance of changes induced by inhibitors was calculated by comparing these levels to those induced by the GdBCA. *: p<0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p<0.001.