Table 1.
Condition | Percent large budded cells with a single nucleusa | Percent cells with nuclear extensionsb | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Wild type, untreated | 32.17 ± 4.62 | 21.7 ± 0.56 |
2 | Nocodazole | 83.09 ± 1.29 | 87.5 ± 1.96* |
3 | Bleomycin | 80.81 ± 7.95 | 55.58 ± 4.77* |
4 | Hydroxyurea | 70.24 ± 3.68 | 26.75 ± 3.47 |
5 | Wild type at 34°C | 8.5 ± 0.71 | 12.5 ± 3.54 |
6 | cdc16-123 at 34°C | 76.5 ± 7.78 | 84.0 ±1.41* |
7 | GAL-SWE1c | 74.87 ± 7.91 | 29.38 ± 5.78* |
8 | Wild type + nocodazolec | 73.19 ± 8.58 | 86.87 ± 4.73 |
9 | Wild type at 34°C | 7.0 ± 0 | 5.0 ± 2.83 |
10 | cdc6-1 at 34°C | 73.5 ± 3.54 | 10.5 ± 6.36 |
11 | rad9Δ | 29.94 ± 8.18 | 26.46 ± 3.47* |
12 | rad51Δ | 43.97 ± 2.67 | 46.15 ± 9.73 |
13 | rad51Δrad9Δ | 27.9 ± 5.17 | 32.94 ± 7.64* |
14 | GAL-SPO7+NEM1 in nocodazolec | 92.97 ± 3.32 | 23.37 ± 2.78* |
15 | Vectors only in nocodazolec,d | 93.04 ± 0.33 | 92.88 ± 3.41 |
16 | GAL-OPI1 in nocodazolec | 92.23 ± 2.02 | 61.91 ± 4.13* |
17 | Vector only in nocodazolec,d | 90.94 ± 4.25 | 96.85 ± 1.52 |
For different treatments, a large budded with a single nucleus state reflects a different cell cycle stage. For example, nocodazole treatment and growth of cdc16-123 cells at 34°C arrests cells in mid-mitosis, hydroxyurea and growth of cdc6-1 cells at 34°C arrests cells at early stages of DNA replication, and over expression of SWE1 arrests cells in G2. For untreated cells, large budded cells with a single nucleus are typically in G2 or early mitosis (before anaphase)
Numbers are average ± standard deviation, based on at least three biological replicates. Statistical analyses were done using students T-test. In each section, the reference control is shown in bold and the values that are statistically significantly different from the control (p< 0.05) are indicated with an asterisk (*).
Cells were grown in the presence of galactose.
Vectors only refers to the same vector backbones used in the construction of the GAL-SPO7 and GAL-NEM1, or GAL-OPI1