TABLE 4.
Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of BPH-related outcomes and nocturia by duration of regular (at least once per week) aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID use: Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (2006–2008)
| Regular aspirin use | Regular non-aspirin NSAID use | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Number of cases |
Multivariable-adjusted PR (95% CI)* |
Multivariable-adjusted PR (95% CI)† |
Number of cases |
Multivariable-adjusted PR (95% CI)* |
Multivariable-adjusted PR (95% CI)† |
| Physician diagnosis of an ‘enlarged prostate or BPH’ | ||||||
| None | 329 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 930 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| < 10 years | 519 | 1.06 (0.95–1.19) | 1.05 (0.93–1.18) | 211 | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 1.03 (0.90–1.16) |
| 10–19 years | 259 | 1.10 (0.96–1.26) | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 58 | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) | 1.01 (0.81–1.26) |
| ≥ 20 years | 112 | 1.01 (0.84–1.21) | 0.97 (0.80–1.16) | 15 | 1.00 (0.65–1.52) | 0.97 (0.63–1.50) |
| Per 10-year increase | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | ||
| P-trend | 0.47 | 0.96 | 0.58 | 0.86 | ||
| Nocturia (regularly waking two or more times per night to urinate)‡ | ||||||
| None | 321 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 957 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| < 10 years | 539 | 1.13 (1.00–1.26) | 1.11 (0.99–1.24) | 238 | 1.14 (1.02–1.28) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) |
| 10–19 years | 274 | 1.16 (1.02–1.33) | 1.13 (0.99–1.30) | 59 | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) | 0.98 (0.79–1.20) |
| ≥ 20 years | 134 | 1.20 (1.02–1.41) | 1.16 (0.98–1.36) | 18 | 1.13 (0.79–1.62) | 1.00 (0.70–1.44) |
| Per 10-year increase | 1.06 (1.02–1.12) | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | ||
| P-trend | 0.0096 | 0.047 | 0.090 | 0.55 | ||
| Finasteride use | ||||||
| None | 30 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 101 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| < 10 years | 52 | 1.13 (0.73–1.76) | 1.05 (0.67–1.66) | 12 | – | – |
| 10–19 years | 27 | 1.16 (0.70–1.94) | 1.08 (0.63–1.84) | 5 | – | – |
| ≥ 20 years | 13 | 1.18 (0.61–2.26) | 1.11 (0.56–2.17) | 1 | – | – |
| Per 10-year increase | 1.06 (0.88–1.27) | 1.03 (0.85–1.27) | – | – | ||
| P-trend | 0.55 | 0.74 | – | – | ||
| Any self-reported BPH-related outcomes or nocturia | ||||||
| None | 544 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1606 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| < 10 years | 894 | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | 1.09 (1.01–1.18) | 363 | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 1.01 (0.94–1.10) |
| 10–19 yrs | 438 | 1.11 (1.02–1.21) | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 100 | 1.04 (0.90–1.19) | 1.00 (0.87–1.15) |
| ≥ 20 years | 207 | 1.12 (1.00–1.24) | 1.08 (0.96–1.20) | 27 | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | 0.97 (0.75–1.25) |
| Per 10-year increase | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) | ||
| P-trend | 0.014 | 0.12 | 0.28 | 0.96 | ||
| Prostate enlargement (prostate volume ≥ 30 mL on any follow-up DRE)‡ | ||||||
| None | 622 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1635 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| < 10 years | 874 | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 368 | 1.06 (0.98–1.13) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) |
| 10–19 years | 430 | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | 95 | 0.97 (0.85–1.11) | 0.97 (0.84–1.11) |
| ≥ 20 years | 181 | 0.90 (0.80–1.00) | 0.86 (0.77–0.97) | 26 | 1.04 (0.82–1.33) | 1.03 (0.81–1.32) |
| Per 10-year increase | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 0.97 (0.94–1.00) | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | ||
| P-trend | 0.19 | 0.034 | 0.49 | 0.69 | ||
| PSA concentration elevation (PSA level > 1.4 ng/mL on any follow-up test)‡ | ||||||
| None | 332 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 868 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| < 10 years | 459 | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | 0.96 (0.85–1.08) | 198 | 1.05 (0.92–1.19) | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) |
| 10–19 years | 214 | 0.92 (0.79–1.06) | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 51 | 0.97 (0.76–1.24) | 1.01 (0.79–1.29) |
| ≥ 20 years | 100 | 0.92 (0.76–1.11) | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 9 | 0.63 (0.35–1.14) | 0.67 (0.37–1.21) |
| Per 10-year increase | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) | ||
| P-trend | 0.24 | 0.50 | 0.55 | 0.94 | ||
Estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance estimation. Models for self-reported outcomes included terms for age and time between the baseline and supplemental questionnaires. Models for prostate enlargement and PSA elevation included terms for age, and number of follow-up DREs and PSA tests, respectively.
Estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance estimation and adjusted for age, race and baseline body mass index, histories of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, arthritis and clinical prostatitis, and intakes of total energy, carbohydrates, fats and vitamin C from the diet and supplements, as well as multivitamin use. Models for self-reported outcomes additionally included terms for time between the baseline and supplemental questionnaires, and models for prostate enlargement and PSA elevation included terms for number of follow-up DREs and PSA tests, respectively.
Among men who did not report finasteride use by the time of assessment of the outcome.