TABLE 1.

List of early maladaptive schemas

Early maladaptive schemas	Description
Disconnection and rejection
Emotional deprivation	The belief that one’s emotional support needs will not be met by others.
Abandonment	The belief that others will be unavailable or unreliable in their support and connection.
Mistrust/abuse	The belief that others will hurt, take advantage, abuse, and manipulate.
Social isolation	A feeling that one is isolated from the world and other people.
Defectiveness	A feeling that one is bad, defective, or inferior.
Impaired autonomy and performance
Failure	The belief that one is, or will be, a failure in important life areas.
Dependence	The belief that one cannot handle everyday responsibilities without the help of others.
Vulnerability	Fear that catastrophic events will occur and there is nothing that can be done to prevent it.
Enmeshment	Being excessively emotionally involved/connected with important people.
Impaired limits
Entitlement	The belief that one is superior to other people and deserves special privileges.
Insufficient self-control	Difficulty in exercising self-control and distress tolerance or in restraining excessive emotional expression.
Other directedness
Subjugation	Always surrendering control to others due to the belief that one is coerced.
Self-sacrifice	Having to meet the needs of other people at the expense of oneself.
Approval seeking	An intense emphasis on achieving the attention, approval, and recognition of other people.
Overvigilance and inhibition
Emotional inhibition	Inhibition of important emotions, thoughts, and communications.
Unrelenting standards	The belief that one must attain excessively high internalized standards of behavior.
Negativity/pessimism	A pervasive focus on the negative aspects of life.
Punitiveness	The belief that people should be punished harshly for their mistakes.

Note: Schema domain names are in bold.