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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2011 Jan 19;116(6):947–956. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07168.x

Figure 1. Effects of neuroinflammation on neurogenesis.

Figure 1

LPS-induced neuroinflammation causes reactive microgliosis, which contributes to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration by releasing inflammatory and neurotoxic factors (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, NO, ROS). These pro-inflammatory mediators can alter the “neural stem cell” niche, leading to decrease in proliferation and neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells, which results in inhibition of neurogenesis. In contrast, other factors such as humoral growth factors, endocannabinoids, antioxidant agents, MSCs and iPSC-derived neurons implantation, IFN-γ, physical exercise and environmental enrichment can stimulate neurogenesis.