¹Experience was variably defined as the last 200 of 1,238 robotic surgeries (106); after having completed 45 robotic surgeries (107); having had completed at least 50 robotic surgeries (79); experience of more than 50 robotic surgeries. (108;108)

²Learning curve was variably defined as the early experience, excluding the first 20 robotic surgeries (92); as initial cases (96); as a laparoscopically naïve/no previous experience with pure laparoscopic operation (75); initiation of a robotics program/first 50 robotic surgeries (94); initial experience during the learning curve/30 initial robotic surgeries. (81)

³Age difference shown for Ficarra 2009 (median, interquartile range [IQR], RB: 61, IQR: 57-67 vs. RP: 65, IQR: 61-69, p<0.001); Francalanza 2008 (RB: 62, IQR: 56-68 vs. RP: 68.5, IQR: 59-71 years, p=0.009); Ou 2009 (RB: 70, SD: 6.1 vs. RP: 67.3, SD: 6.2, p<0.05).